景一

The summer of 1868 passed as an unremarkable1 season at Saranac Lake in New Yorks Adirondack Mountains. The weather was fine， the scenery delightful， and about 200 to 300 hunters and anglers2 came to hunt and fish as usual. The summers of 1869 and 1870， however， were an altogether different story. The weather was more or less the same， and the scenery continued to entrance3， but thousands of men and women came to enjoy Americas newest recreation4—camping.

1868年，在纽约的阿迪朗达克山脉的萨拉纳克湖，一个不起眼的夏季过去了。天氣很好，风景宜人，和往常一样，约有200到300名猎人和垂钓者来此打猎和垂钓。然而，1869和1870的夏天则是另一番景象。天气大致相同，景色依旧迷人，但有数以千计的人们前来体验美国最新潮的娱乐方式——露营。

They had been inspired by what today we recognize as the watershed5 book in the history of American camping， Adventures in the Wilderness； or， Camp-Life in the Adirondacks， which had been written in 1869 by a minister6 named William Henry Harrison Murray （1840～1904）. He became known as the father of the Outdoor Movement. The book is cited as changing common parlance7 to use “vacation” instead of the British “holiday” for people vacating their city homes.

这些人们全都是受到了在当今被认为是美国露营史上的分水岭的一本书的影响，这本书就是牧师威廉·亨利·哈里森·穆里（1840—1904）在1869年所著的《野外探险：阿迪朗达克山脉的露营生活》。穆里被认为是户外运动之父。这本书被认为改变了日常用语，用“假期（vacation）”一词取代了英语中的“假日（holiday）”一词，以描述人们离开城市家园去度假的行为。

Murray was born in Guilford， Connecticut in 1840. In his boyhood， he learned to shoot， hunt， and fish， even as he developed a reading habit and a taste for literature. Murray entered Yale College in 1858， and upon graduating immediately married Isadora Hull， who also loved the out of doors. Determined to become a minister， Murray entered the Congregationalist East Windsor Seminary near Hartford， Connecticut， where he finished his studies in 1864. He then served in a succession of churches in Connecticut and Massachusetts.

1840年，穆里出生于康涅狄格州的吉尔福德。在他小时候，他学会了射击、打猎和捕鱼，同样养成了阅读的习惯和对文学的品味。穆里在1858年进入耶鲁大学，毕业后即与同样喜欢户外活动的伊萨朵拉·赫尔结婚。因为决心成为一名牧师，穆里入读了康涅狄格州哈特福德附近的公理会东温莎神学院，1864年，他在那里完成了他的学业。随后，他在康涅狄格州和马萨诸塞州多个教堂任职。

Murray took his first camping vacation in the Adirondacks in the summer of 1864 and returned annually8 for many years. Sometimes， Murray brought parties with him， which could include not only his friends， but also his wife and his friends wives. Smitten9 by the Adirondacks beauty and the leisure time he enjoyed there， Murray started writing about his trips in a series of lively， often humorous “narrative exercises”. In Murrays case， the subjects included hunting， fishing， and the powerful beauty of nature.

1864年夏季，穆里在阿迪朗达克山脉度过了他的第一个野营假期，之后多年他每年都返回那里度假。有时，默里会在那里举行聚会，不仅邀请他的朋友们，还有他的妻子和他朋友们的妻子们。陶醉于阿迪朗达克山脉的美以及在那里度过的闲暇时光，穆里开始了关于他的旅行的一系列活泼、幽默的“叙事练笔”。……