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湘西南地区成岩型铀矿成矿机制研究

2018-07-17熊建忠

国土资源导刊 2018年2期

熊建忠

文章编号:1672-5603(2018)02-043-4

摘 要 成岩型铀矿床,在国外被称为“页岩铀”,是一种被认为有可能改变当今世界铀矿格局的铀矿类型,是由沉积作用在沉积成岩过程中直接形成的矿床。湘西南地区是我国成岩型铀矿唯一的集中分布区。通过对成岩、成矿的研究,初步认为湘西南地区成岩型铀矿是在伸展构造环境条件下,中基性岩浆活动产生的多期的、间歇性海底喷流将地壳深部的铀等成矿物质带到沉积海盆,在粘土吸附作用下形成的矿床,海底热水喷流成矿作用是主要成因。

关键词 湘西南;铀矿;成矿机制研究

中图分类号:P611 文献标识码:A

Metallogenic Mechanism of Diagenetic Uranium Deposits

in Southwestern Hunan

Xiong Jian zhong

(301 Brigade of Hunan Provincial Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau, Changsha Hunan 410114)

Abstract: The diagenetic uranium deposit, known as “shale uranium” abroad, is a type of uranium mine considered to be possible to change the current pattern of uranium deposits in the world,formed directly by deposition in the process of sedimentary diagenesis. The southwestern Hunan is the only concentrated distribution area in Chinas diagenetic uranium deposits. Study on diagenesis and metallogenesis shows that the frequent and spasmodic submarine cascade that were produced by the intermediate and basic magmatic activity took uranium and orther minerals to the depositional marine basin from deep earth crust and formed mine bed under the adsorption action of clay in the situation of extend structural environment. The diagenetic uranium deposit is of submarine exhalative origin.

Keywords: Southwestern Hunan; uranium ore; research on metallogenic mechanism

0 引言

半个多世纪以来,国内外学者对黑色页岩系铀矿进行了深入研究,取得了众多成果,瑞典“明矾石页岩型”铀矿床即为此类型典型矿床。该类型铀矿床相当于国内碳硅泥岩型铀矿床分类中的成岩型铀矿床,由沉积作用在沉积成岩过程中直接成矿,碳硅泥岩型铀矿其它三大亚类即风化壳型、淋积型和热液叠加改造型铀矿床,是经沉积成岩作用形成富铀层位后,在后期内力或外力作用下改造形成的铀矿床。目前我国成岩型铀矿主要分布于湖南省湘西南地区。

目前国内成岩型铀矿床研究主要集中于沉积环境的研究,研究的重点层位岩性为含寒武系底部炭质泥岩、炭硅质泥岩。成岩型铀矿成因的传统观点认为,铀是陆源成因的,铀来自陆地而非海底,生物及生物地球化学作用对成矿起着主导作用,寒武系底部因此被认为是主要富铀层位,但目前国内在该层位尚未发现具有工业意义的成岩型铀矿床或矿点。……

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