程清平　王平　谭小爱

摘要：利用貴州省1961-2013年逐日0 cm地面温度观测资料，采用ArcGIS空间分析、线性趋势分析、小波分析、Mannkendall非参数统计检验法等对贵州省地温的空间分布、变化趋势、突变特点、周期变化等进行研究。结果表明：平均地温、平均最低地温年际、季节空间分布大致从黔西北向黔东南随经度增加、海拔和纬度的降低而逐渐升高；平均最高地温年际与秋、冬季空间分布大致从黔东北向黔西南随着经度、纬度的降低和海拔的升高而逐渐升高。平均地温与平均最低地温年际、季节变化均呈增温趋势，尤以平均最低地温年际、季节增温趋势最显著；平均最高地温年际与春、夏、秋季均呈增温趋势，冬季呈缓慢下降趋势。平均地温、平均最高地温、平均最低地温年际、季节突变集中于20世纪90年代以来；且均以春、秋季突变十分显著。平均地温、平均最高地温、平均最低地温年际、季节周期变化主要以长周期为主周期。年平均地温、年平均最低地温与海拔呈显著的负相关，与经度呈显著的正相关，而年平均最高地温则与纬度呈显著的负相关。

关键词：贵州省；地面温度；时空变化；周期变化

中图分类号：S159文献标志码：A文章编号：

16721683（2018）02012210

Abstract：

Using the daily 0 cm soil surface temperature data of Guizhou during 1961 to 2013，adopting the methods of ArcGIS spatial analysis，linear trend，wavelet analysis，and Mann Kendall nonparametric test，we analyzed the spatial distribution，change trend，mutation characteristics，and variation period of the surface temperature in Guizhou.The results showed that the annual and seasonal spatial distribution of average surface temperature and average minimum surface temperature was roughly increasing from northwestern Guizhou to southeastern Guizhou along with the increase of longitude and the decrease of altitude and latitude.The annual，autumn，and winter spatial distribution of average maximum surface temperature was roughly increasing from the northeast to the southwest of Guizhou along with the decrease of latitude and longitude and the increase of altitude.The annual and seasonal changes of average surface temperature and average minimum surface temperature all showed a warming trend，which was especially prominent for the annual and seasonal changes of average minimum surface temperature.The annual，spring，summer，and autumn changes of average maximum surface temperature all showed a warming trend，but the winter change showed a slight downward trend.The annual and seasonal mutations of average surface temperature，average maximum surface temperature，and average minimum surface temperature concentrated in the 1990s，and the mutations were very significant in spring and autumn.The annual and seasonal variation periods of average surface temperature，average maximum surface temperature，and average minimum surface temperature were primarily long periods.The annual average surface temperature and annual average minimum surface temperature were both negatively correlated with the altitude and positively correlated with the longitude，while the annual average maximum surface temperature was negatively correlated with latitude.

Key words：

Guizhou；surface temperature；temporal and spatial variation；periodic variation

地温是表征地表自然生态环境的一个重要物理量，对地表向大气长波能量的辐射能力具有决定作用，也是气候系统变化的一个重要参数[12]。地温是指地表面和以下不同深度处土壤温度的统称，包括地面温度（0 cm）、浅层地温（距离地面5 cm、10 cm、15 cm、20 cm） 和深层地温（距离地面40 cm、80 cm、160 cm、320 cm）[3]。……