司曼菲 甘永德

摘要：为了研究土石介质中碎石性质对土壤入渗和产流过程的影响，本试验采用室内土柱试验，分析了两种不同岩性碎石（片麻岩和石灰岩）分别在碎石质量比例（土石介质比例）为15%、45%、65%和90%的条件下，对土壤入渗和产流的影响，并用Philip模型和Horton模型进行了拟合分析。其结果如下：（1）在同一种岩石，相同时间内，土壤累积入渗量随碎石含量的增多而减小，产流量随碎石含量的增多而增加;（2）在相同碎石比例条件下，相同时间内，片麻岩的累计入渗量大于石灰岩，而产流量小于石灰岩;（3）Philip模型、Horton模型均可拟合土石介质土壤累计入渗量随时间变化关系，稳定入渗率A（if）随碎石含量呈减小趋势，土壤吸渗率S随碎石含量呈减小趋势，而初始入渗率ii呈增加趋势。

关键词：土石混合介质;石灰岩;片麻岩;土壤累计入渗量;径流强度

中图分类号：TV139.14文献标志码：A文章编号：

16721683（2018）02005905

Abstract：In order to study the effects of gravel properties on soil infiltration and runoff process in soilrock medium，we conducted laboratory soil column experiments.We mixed two different rock fragments （gneiss and limestone） with the same soil.The gravel mass proportions （of the soilrock medium） were 15%，45%，65%，and 90% respectively.Then，the relationship between cumulative infiltration and time were fitted with the Horton model and the Philip model.The results showed that：（1） For the same rock within the same amount of time，the cumulative infiltration of soil would decrease with the increase of gravel content，and the runoff would increase with the increase of gravel content.（2） With the same gravel proportion，within the same amount of time，the cumulative infiltration of gneiss was greater than that of limestone，and the runoff was less than that of limestone.（3） The Philip model and the Horton model can be used to fit the relationship between cumulative infiltration and time.As the gravel content increased，the infiltration rate A（if） tended to decrease，the soil infiltration rate S tended to decrease，and the initial infiltration rate ii tended to increase.

Key words：

soilrock medium;limestone;gneiss;soil cumulative infiltration;runoff intensity

土壤水分入渗过程复杂，是“四水”转化的重要环节，准确认识该过程对开展流域水文模拟和水文预报具有重要意义。自然条件下，因成土过程和人类活动的影响，山地土壤内广泛分布着大量碎石[1]。一方面，碎石会增加土壤孔隙的弯曲程度，限制水分入渗[2]。另一方面，碎石会促进土壤中大孔隙地形成，为水分运动提供优先流通道[3]。因此，土石二元介质中的水分入渗特性比均质土壤较为复杂，再加上土壤中碎石类型、粒径、含量及空间分布等的变异性的影响[48]，使得研究入渗与产流更为复杂。为……