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云存储中基于分组的秘密共享修复模型

2018-06-21孙书豪李大刚符玥都政

软件导刊 2018年5期

孙书豪 李大刚 符玥 都政

摘 要:云存储应用广泛,但云端节点的不可控特性使存储的数据安全性得不到保障,制约了云存储在敏感数据和关键数据存储中的推广。秘密共享技术通过将原始数据作为秘密拆分成若干秘密份额并规定访问门限,为云存储数据安全提供保障。虽然部分份额的损坏不会影响到数据恢复,但若超过一定限度将无法恢复原始数据。针对该问题,设计了一个基于分组的秘密共享修复模型,可以在不影响秘密共享安全保证的前提下修复丢失或受损的秘密份额,并且可以降低修复代价。该方案突破了以往份额修复的惯用方法,实现了安全修复和局部性统一,为份额修复提供了新思路,为后续研究打下了良好的基础。

关键词:云存储;秘密共享;份额修复模型;修复冗余;修复函数

DOI:10.11907/rjdk.172681

中图分类号:TP309

文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7800(2018)005-0205-06

Abstract:After years of rapid development, cloud storage has become widely used, but the security of data in the cloud is still highly worried, which holds back its further endorsement by highly sensitive and confidential data. Secret sharing is an important security technology that can be applied to cloud storage to improve data security. It divides the original data into shares and sets a minimum threshold on number of shares required to recover the original data. Although by nature secret sharing has certain level of fault tolerance since one or two damaged shares will not hurt the recovery capability, but such tolerance will go away if the number of remaining shares is below the threshold. Aiming at this problem we propose, a group-based secret sharing repair model in this paper to provide safe and efficient share repairement for secret sharing. This model has higher security and lower repair cost than recovering the original secret and regenerating new shares. In addition, this model provides new views for share repairing over conventional methods, which lays a sound foundation for further research.

Key Words:cloud storage; secret sharing; share repair model; repair redundancy; repair function

0 引言

云存儲的安全性体现为数据的机密性、完整性和可用性:云存储中的很多数据会涉及到个人隐私信息,具有高度的隐私性和敏感性,必须确保其机密性;云存储中节点失效等问题可能导致云数据永久丢失或在一段时间内无法访问,其完整性和可用性也是亟需解决的问题[1-3]。

秘密共享作为一种重要的安全技术,为云存储数据安全提供了解决方案[3-6]。以Shamir[7]的门限秘密共享方案为例,它可以将关键数据作为秘密拆分成n个秘密份额,并分发给n个服务器,只有得到不小于t个秘密份额时,才能对秘密进行恢复从而得到原始数据。……

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