不同材料套袋对金沙江干热河谷火龙果果实生长的影响
2018-06-21潘志贤岳学文李建查范建成方海东
潘志贤 岳学文 李建查 范建成 方海东
摘 要 以红肉火龙果品种‘台农二号为供试材料,分析果树上常用的5种果实套袋对金沙江干热河谷火龙果果实的主要经济性状、抗逆性、内在品质等的影响。研究结果表明,套袋后,能有效地防止雨水过多造成的火龙果果实裂果及防治果实蝇和昆虫及飞鸟的为害。不同材料套袋处理后对果实外观和品质影响不同。结合干热河谷区特殊气候的实际,建议使用透气性较好的白色无纺布袋、白色尼龙网袋较好。
关键词 果实 ;套袋 ;火龙果 ;品质 ;抗逆性
中图分类号 S667.9 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.02.004
Abstract Fruits of red-flesh dragon fruit or pitaya variety Tainong 2 were bagged with 5 bagging materials during their growth to analyze the effect of the 5 different bags on the main economic characteristics, stress resistance and internal quality of the dragon fruit in dry-hot valley of Jinsha River, Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, China. The results showed that bagging effectively prevented cracking of the fruits of the red-flesh dragon fruit from excessive rainfall as well as the damage to the fruits of the dragon fruit caused by fruit flies, insects and birds. Bagging with different materials had different influences on the fruit appearance and quality. In consideration of the actual situation of the special climate in the dry-hot valley area, it is suggested to utilize the white non-woven bags and white nylon net bags with better air permeability for bagging the fruits of the dragon fruit.
Keywords fruit ; bagging ; dragon fruit ; quality ; stress resistance
金沙江干热河谷区气候炎热干旱,海拔1 088~1 167 m,年均温21.9 ℃,年降雨量600~800 mm,集中在5~9月,其它月份少雨或无雨,年蒸发量3 911.2 mm,蒸发量是降雨量的6倍。全年太阳总辐射量641.8 kJ/cm2,日照率62%;干燥度4.4[1]。火龙果耐干旱,耐贫瘠,抗病虫害,粗生,易管理,怕水涝,对土壤无特殊要求,能在旱坡地生长良好,对于干旱降雨较少的金沙江干热河谷区生态环境有较好的适应性。加之火龙果经济效益显著,营养价值较高,所以火龙果在该区种植发展迅猛,种植面积大幅攀升。火龙果果实成熟期5~11月底,正值干热河谷区雨季,高温高湿,果实容易出现裂果和鸟虫危害。套袋是解决上述问题的重要措施之一。国内外已对不同果树果实套袋做了大量研究,如芒果[2]、石榴[3]、番荔枝[4]、葡萄[5]、苹果[6]、梨[7]、柚[8]等,但针对干热河谷区特殊气候环境条件下,火龙果套袋研究报道较少。本試验以红肉品种‘台农二号为材料,研究不同材料的套袋对火龙果经济性状、抗逆性、内在品质等的影响,为干热河谷区火龙果选用正确套袋方法提供可靠的科学依据。……
