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壶腹周围癌影像诊断研究进展

2018-06-14李鑫玉赵卫东张月英

中国现代医生 2018年9期

李鑫玉 赵卫东 张月英

[摘要] Vater壶腹部是一个大范围的解剖和功能区域,开口于十二指肠大乳头,包括胰胆管汇合区、Oddi括约肌。由于其复杂多变的解剖特点及病变的多样性,如何对壶腹周围癌进行早期精准影像诊断来指导临床一直是影像医师的挑战。本文就对壶腹周围肿瘤的影像诊断进展进行综述。

[关键词] 壶腹周围癌;影像诊断;体层摄影技术;MRI

[中图分类号] R735.8 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)09-0165-04

Study advances of imaging diagnosis of periampullary carcinoma

LI Xinyu1 ZHAO Weidong2 ZHANG Yueying2 LIU Qiang1 CHEN Xuefeng1 ZHANG Peng1

1.Imaging and Nuclear Medicin, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China; 2.Imaging Department,the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China

[Absract] The ampulla of Vater is an extensive anatomic and functional region which opens at the major duodenal papilla and includes the choledochopancreatic junction and the sphincter of Oddi. Because of the complex and variable anatomy characteristics and the variety of lesions in the region, how to guide clinical therapy by early accurate imaging diagnosis of periam-pullary carcinoma has always been a challenge to radiologists all the time. The progress of imaging diagnosis of periampullary tumors is reviewed in this paper.

[Key words] Peri-ampullar carcinoma; Imaging diagnosis; Tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging

Vater壶腹是胆总管在十二指肠降部后内侧壁与主胰管汇合,形成的略膨大的结构,开口于十二指肠大乳头。壶腹周围癌指发生于被Oddi括约肌包绕的胆总管、主胰管末端、十二指肠乳头黏膜的癌[1-2]。壶腹周围癌的大体病理形态可分为乳头型、管内型和混合型,以乳头型多见。癌的组织来源不同,其表现不相同,手术方式及预后也不相同[3-5]。来自胆总管末端者,大多呈浸润生长,可累及十二指肠壁;来自十二指肠黏膜者,常呈菜花样肿块突入肠腔内;来自胰管者则表现为壶腹部周围的隆起。当病变到后期,三者在大体形态上将很难区分。对于壶腹周围癌,影像主要是早发现、早诊断,本文将对近年来壶腹周围癌的影像诊断进展进行综述。

1 超声(Ultrasonography)、内镜超声(Endoscopic ultrasonography)

超声常作为壶腹部周围癌的初筛手段。在腹腔脏器中,常用B型超声,亦称二维灰阶超声,得到的是脏器某个部位的断面图像,灰阶则以黑白表示图像上不同结构的回声信号的高低[6]。壶腹周围癌主要表现为壶腹部的肿块,大多表现为不规则的低回声,常伴有胆管及胰管的扩张。……

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