目标先验知识未确知条件下MIMO雷达波形优化
2018-06-12雷晓艳王洪雁
雷晓艳 王洪雁


摘 要: 考虑杂波场景下改善MIMO雷达最差估计性能的稳健波形优化方法,根据最小最大方法,首先基于克拉美?罗界描述稳健波形优化问题。为求解所得复杂非线性问题,提出一种基于对角加载(DL)的迭代方法。此方法中,内层优化首先利用哈达玛不等式被分解为若干个子问题。基于DL方法将子问题可以转化为凸问题,外层优化同样也可转化为凸问题,因而此优化问题可获得高效求解。初始优化问题的最优解可通过对迭代优化结果的最小二乘拟合得到。数值仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。
关键词: 多输入多输出雷达; 波形优化; 对角加载; 参数估计; 半定规划; 最小二乘
中图分类号: TN951?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2018)11?0008?05
Waveform optimization of MIMO radar with imperfect target prior knowledge
LEI Xiaoyan1, WANG Hongyan2
(1. School of Network Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China;
2. School of Information Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China)
Abstract: In this paper, the robust waveform optimization method to improve the worst?case estimation performance of multiple?input multiple?output (MIMO) radar in the clutter environment is considered. According to the min?max approach, the robust waveform optimization is described on the basis of Cramér?Rao bound (CRB). In order to solve the complicated nonlinear problem, an iterative method based on diagonal loading (DL) is proposed. With the method, the inlayer optimization problem can be decomposed into some sub?problems first by means of the Hadamard inequation, and then these sub?problems are converted into the convex problem on the basis of DL method; the outer layer optimization problem can be also converted into the convex problem to get the effective solution of these optimization problems. The optimal solution of the original optimization problem can be obtained by means of the least squares (LS) fitting of the iterative optimization results. The efficiency of the proposed method was verified with numerical simulation.
Keywords: multiple?input multiple?output radar; waveform optimization; diagonal loading; parameter estimation; semidefinite programming; least square
0 引 言
受到多输入多输出(MIMO)技术在通信领域成功应用的启发,MIMO概念最近被引入雷达领域,并受到越来越多的关注[1]。与传统只发射相干波形的相控阵雷达不同的是,MIMO雷达几乎可发射任意波形。根据阵元间距,MIMO雷达可分为分置雷达以及共置雷达。相比传统的相控阵雷达,MIMO雷达几乎可以发射任意波形,即所谓的波形分集[2]。因而,MIMO雷达比相控阵雷达具有更多的优势,比如参数辨识性[2],灵活的发射方向图设计[3]。
波形设计是MIMO雷达研究领域中非常重要的方向之一。在目标及环境先验知识确知条件下,文献[4]研究了通过设计发射波形改善基于MIMO的空时自适应处理(STAP)方法的检测性能[4]。文献[5]基于某些准则,比如最小化克拉美?罗界(CRB)的迹等,设计波形以提高场景先验知识完备场景下多个点目标的参数估計性能。……
