现代海水网箱、海洋牧场技术进展及研究方法
2018-06-04陈志明毛沛盛严谨吴英友伍斯杰
陈志明 毛沛盛 严谨 吴英友 伍斯杰
摘 要:本文对现代深海网箱海洋牧场的特点做出总结,展示不同类型的深水抗风浪外海网箱,论述了国外海洋牧场技术发展现状,详细分析了重力式浮式网箱的水动力特性研究的重点、难点问题,总结了网衣系统、浮架系统的和配重系统的水动力性能特点和研究方法,并对近年来深水抗风浪网箱的研究热点和发展方向做出一定展望。
关键词:网箱;抗风浪;海洋牧场;水动力;进展
中图分类号:U661.1 文献标识码:A
Abstract: The modern marine cages have the characteristic of offshore aquaculture, wind and wave-resistant, deep water aquaculture and scaling-up, marine ranching has become a multidisciplinary joint propulsion, comprehensive subject of common supporting industries, also widely spreads in domestic .This paper gives a summary on the characteristics of modern deep sea area, showing the different types of deep water marine cages with wind and wave-resistant characteristic, studies the research situation of marine ranching. We have a detailed analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics of gravity floating cages, and summary the research method of net system hydrodynamic performance and the stress of the floating frame system and the impact of weight system on the hydrodynamic performance of the cages. Then we have a direction outlook on deep water wind and wave-resistant cages.
Key words: marine cages; wind and wave-resistant; marine ranching; hydrodynamic performance
1 國内外海水网箱养殖概况
随着深水养殖技术、海洋结构物制造技术的不断提升,国内外深水远海网箱养殖在近些年得到了极大的发展,海洋牧场[1]的概念被冠以新的生态意义,梳理并总结现代海水网箱技术及最新的深水养殖理念对推动国内深水养殖业水平发展具有重要意义。我国从上世纪70年代开始发展近海网箱养殖业,网箱养殖鱼年产量40余万吨,占全国海水养殖鱼类的50%左右,海水网箱养殖技术的更新与提升有助于提升国内海水养殖业水平。传统网箱一般都依附于沿岸港湾,由于网箱数量多、养殖密度大,水交换能力差,以及残饵等因素,造成网箱养殖对近岸生态环境的破坏以及养殖对象的品质下降等问题[2]。80年代以来,过度捕捞和近海环境污染问题日益严重,导致近岸海洋渔业资源近乎枯竭,发展新型水产养殖,在外海地区大力发展高经济价值鱼类的深水网箱养殖业,成为沿海渔民转产转业的重要方向。……
