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胡麻种子产量与主要农艺性状的多重分析

2018-05-14伊六喜,萨如拉,张辉,斯钦巴特尔,贾霄云,高凤云,周宇,张立华,任龙梅

安徽农业科学 2018年6期

伊六喜,萨如拉,张辉,斯钦巴特尔,贾霄云,高凤云,周宇,张立华,任龙梅

摘要 [目的]探寻影响胡麻种子产量的主要农艺性状,为选育高产胡麻品种提供科学依据。[方法]对343份胡麻种质的种子产量与株高、工艺长度、分枝数、株果数、果粒数、千粒重、开花日数、全生育日数8个主要农艺性状进行相关性、多元回归和通径分析。[结果]胡麻的主要农艺性状变异系数达3.83%~24.93%,平均变异系数为16.77%,平均遗传多样性指数为1.97;株果数、果粒数、千粒重对种子产量的总影响达到92.17%,能较好地预测胡麻种子产量的变化;株果数和分枝数与种子产量成极显著正相关(P<0.01),而且株果数对种子产量的直接作用最大(P=0.742),相关系数最高(r=0.776)。[结论]株果数是决定胡麻种子产量的主要农艺性状。

关键词 胡麻;种子产量;农艺性状;相关性分析;多元回归;通径分析

中图分类号 S563.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2018)06-0033-04

Multiple Analysis of Seed Yield and Main Agronomic Traits in Flax

YI Liuxi1,SA Rula2,ZHANG Hui1 et al (1.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Husbandry Sciences,Huhhot,Inner Mongolia 010031;2.College of Pharmacy,Baotou Medical College,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014060)

Abstract [Objective]To explore the main agronomic traits affecting seed production of Linum usitatissimum L.,and to further provide scientific basis for breeding highyield varieties.[Method]The correlation analysis,multiple regression analysis and path analysis between seed yield and eight main agronomic traits of 343 L.usitatissimum germplasm were carried out,including plant height,stem length,branch number,bolls per plant,seeds per boll,1 000seed weight,flowering days,number of growing days.[Result] The variation coefficient of main agronomic traits was 3.825%-24.928% with the average coefficient of variation being 16.76%,the average genetic diversity index was 1.97.The impact of three factors(capsule number per plant,seeds per capsule,1 000seed weight) on L.usitatissimum seed yield reached 92.17% or more,which could well predicted the change of seed production.Capsule number per plant and branch number had extremely significant positive correlation (P<0.01) to seed yield,the direct effect of capsule number per plant on seed yield was the largest (P=0.742) with its correlation coefficient being the highest (r=0.776).[Conclusion] Capsule number per plant was the main agronomic trait determining the seed yield.

Key words Linum usitatissimum L.; Seed yield; Agronomic traits; Correlation analysis; Multivariate linear regression;Path analysis

胡麻(Linum usitatissimum L.),也叫油用亞麻或油纤兼用亚麻,为亚麻科亚麻属一年生草本作物。按用途可分为纤维用亚麻、油用亚麻和油纤兼用亚麻3种类型[1]。胡麻虽然具有抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强等特性,但粗放育种并不能获得高产、稳产。胡麻也同其他作物一样,必须有良好的育种目标,才能充分发挥增产潜力[2]。胡麻产区大多为干旱冷凉地区,自然条件较差。大幅度提高胡麻单产,必须加强常规育种,不断提高抗御自然灾害的能力。同时在此基础上,根据胡麻的生育规律,因地制宜,讲究育种技术,实行科学种田,才能实现高产稳产、低成本[3]。我国胡麻种植的主产区包括内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏、河北、新疆等[4-5]。

胡麻种质资源是胡麻遗传改良和相关基础研究的物质基础。……

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