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大豆粕溶剂残留测定方法研究

2018-05-14徐爱军李丹

安徽农业科学 2018年1期

徐爱军 李丹

摘要 [目的]建立大豆粕中溶剂残留的测定方法。[方法]讨论了新旧国标以及AOCS 2种方法对豆粕中六号溶剂残留测定结果的影响,分析了溶剂提取过程机理,寻找较合适的提取溶剂。[结果]N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为提取溶剂能够有效地提取豆粕中的六号溶剂,提取效率达到90%以上,同时气液平衡常数 k 3也较大,方法灵敏度高,重现性好。[结论]该研究在方法质控水平上获得了满意的结果,可为大豆粕中溶剂残留的测定提供参考。

关键词 大豆粕;六号溶剂;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;平衡常数

中图分类号 S816.17文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611(2018)01-0178-03

Abstract [Objective]To establish a method for determination of residual solvents in soybean meal. [Method]The effects of several methods of new and old national standard and AOCS on the determination of residual solvent-extracted oil No.6 in soybean meal were discussed. The mechanism of solvent extraction was analyzed and the suitable extraction solvent was found. [Result]DMF can be used as solvent to extract solvent-extracted oil No.6 in soybean meal. The extraction efficiency is more than 90%, and the gas liquid equilibrium constant K 3 is also larger. The method has high sensitivity and good reproducibility. [Conclusion]Satisfactory results were obtained in the method of quality control, which could provide reference for the determination of residual solvents in soybean meal.

Key words Soybean meal;Solvent-extracted oil No.6;N, N-dimethylformamide;Equilibrium constant

豆粕是浸出工藝的主要副产品,如果粕中残留溶剂过高会造成油成本过高,而且作为饲料会有一定危害[1]。浸出工艺一般采用的提取溶剂为六号溶剂,其易挥发、易燃、易爆。六号溶剂含少量芳烃及硫化物杂质,有较大毒性[2-3],大量吸入还具有麻醉性。豆粕中溶剂残留量过高,不仅影响饲用品质,对人体健康也会间接造成很大的危害。因此,国标规定其作为豆粕的卫生指标最大限量不能超过500 mg/kg[4]。

2017年6月23日之前,豆粕中六号溶剂残留量的测定主要采用GB/T 5009.117—2003,测定原理是“一定温度下,使溶剂残留气化达到平衡时,取液上气体进气相色谱测定”,其具体操作是没有基质曲线,称样品前先在顶空瓶中放置2张直径稍小于瓶底内径的滤纸,在滤纸上加注0.5 mL水,再将样品称在滤纸上,封口,放入烘箱中加热。这种做法也可以理解为利用水蒸气将上层豆粕中残留的六号溶剂蒸出来,且默认六号溶剂能够完全挥发出来,因为标准曲线中加入的标样是完全分散在气相中的。……

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