周忠利　庄永华　杨红欣

[摘要] 目的 对血站采血人员职业暴露的危险因素进行分析，并提出对应的防护措施，以期为保证血站采血人员的安全提供参考依据。方法 将2017年2月—2018年2月该站从事采血工作的42名人员选取为研究对象，采取问卷调查的方式对其进行调查，分析发生锐器刺伤的几率期间的暴露危险因素进行分析，并提出具有针对性的防护策略。结果42名人员中发生职业暴露的共有5名，其中1名在检测过程中直接与污染物及血液接触，2名被针头刺伤，1名操作不当，1人穿刺过程中直接与污染物及血液接触。结论 在掌握血站采血人员发生职业暴露原因的基础上，对其采取具有针对性的防护措施，对于保障她们的安全具有至关重要的意义。

[关键词] 血站采血人员；职业暴露；防护

[中图分类号] R7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2018）08（a）-0004-03

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the risk factors of occupational exposure of blood collection staff in the blood station and put forwards the corresponding prevention measures to provide reference for ensuring the safety of blood collection staff. Methods 42 cases of patients engaged in the blood collection in the blood station from February 2017 to February 2018 were selected， and the patients were investigated by the questionnaires， and the probability of sharp stab injury， prevention strategies of occupational safety， and awareness of blood-borne disease were analyzed， and the exposure risk factors of patients during the blood collection were analyzed， and the targeted prevention strategies were put forwards. Results Of 42 staff， 5 cases were with occupational exposures， including 1 case directly exposed to the pollutants and blood， 2 cases stabbed by a needle， 1 case with improper operation， 1 case directly exposure to the pollutants and blood in the puncture course. Conclusion The targeted prevention measures are of vital significance to ensuring the safety on the basis of mastering the occupational exposure causes of blood collection staff in the blood station.

[Key words] Blood collection staff in the blood station； Occupational exposure； Prevention

采血人员职业暴露指的是在日常采血工作中，因操作不当而导致自身被体液或血液污染的尖锐物或针头划伤，或是破损皮肤直接与体液、血液或其他污染物等直接接触[1]。一些被污染的血液或样本在某种情况下会形成气溶胶飘散于空气中，这样便有可能通过采血人员的黏膜和呼吸道进入人体受到感染。尽管献血前均会对献血者进行相关的体检筛查，然而依旧无法完全避免献血人群中存在着HIV、HBV或HCV等病毒携带者[2]。因为在按压针眼、留样、采血以及处理献血反应等过程中，均有可能发生被针头刺伤或被血液溅污等情况，所以，对血站采血人员采取相关的防护措施就显得尤为重要。……