徐境 晏丹

[摘要] 目的 分析學龄前儿童呼吸道感染鼻咽部细菌的携带及危险因素。 方法 选择2016年8月～2017年6月黄石爱康医院（以下简称“我院”）收治的115例学龄前儿童呼吸道感染患儿，将其分为观察组；另选取同期于我院进行健康体检的学龄前儿童115例为对照组。所有患儿均留取1次鼻咽部分泌物标本进行细菌分离、培养，分析所选者感染鼻咽部细菌携带类型，并对研究对象年龄、性别、日常生活活动等多方面进行发病危险因素分析。 结果 经检测，学龄前儿童呼吸道感染鼻咽部细菌携带类型主要为流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球、肺炎克雷伯菌；早产、抗菌药使用较频繁、家人有呼吸道疾病、偏食或挑食、同住家人吸烟、家庭卫生环境差与学龄前儿童呼吸道感染发生有关（P < 0.05）；Logistic回归分析结果显示：早产、抗菌药使用较频繁、家人有呼吸道疾病、偏食或挑食、同住家人吸烟均是学龄前儿童呼吸道感染的高危因素（P < 0.05）。 结论 学龄前儿童呼吸道感染的鼻咽部细菌携带主要类型为流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球、肺炎克雷伯菌，且诱发疾病的危险因素较多，临床需根据细菌耐药性选择合适的治疗方法，同时针对致病高危因素采取针对性预防措施，以降低学龄前儿童呼吸道感染风险。

[关键词] 呼吸道感染；学龄前儿童；细菌携带类型；危险因素

[中图分类号] R179 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）02（c）-0102-04

[Abstract] Objective To analyse the nasopharyngeal bacterial carrying and risk factors of respiratory tract infection in preschool children. Methods From August 2016 to June 2017， 115 cases of preschool children with respiratory tract infection in Huangshi Aikang Hospital （“our hospital” for short） were selected， divided it into observation group. In the same period， another 115 preschool children who went to our hospital for physical examination were selected as the control group. All the children received 1 nasopharyngeal secretory specimens for bacterial isolation and culture. The bacterial infection types of nasopharyngeal bacteria were analyzed， and the risk factors were analyzed according to the age， sex and activities of daily living. Results After the testing， preschool children with respiratory tract infections of nasopharyngeal bacteria mainly Haemophilus Influenzae， Staphylococcus Aureus， Klebsiella Pneumoniae. The premature delivery， antibacterial drugs were used more frequently， the family members had respiratory diseases， partial eclipse or picky eaters， family smoking， poor family hygiene were related to respiratory tract infections in preschool children （P < 0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the premature delivery， antibacterial drugs were used more frequently， the family members had respiratory diseases， partial eclipse or picky eaters， family smoking were all high risk factors of respiratory tract infection in preschool children （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The main types of nasopharyngeal bacteria carrying by respiratory tract infection in preschool children are haemophilus influenzae， staphylococcus aureus， klebsiella pneumoniae， and there are many risk factors for the disease， clinic should select appropriate treatment according to bacterial resistance methods， at the same time for the risk factors for the disease to take targeted preventive measures to reduce the risk of respiratory infection in preschool children.

[Key words] Respiratory tract infection； Preschool children； Type of bacterial carrying； Risk factors

呼吸道感染是临床常见病，分为下呼吸道感染和上呼吸道感染两种类型，具有高发性、迁徙性、反复性等特点，治疗难度较大[1]。据研究发现，学龄前儿童是呼吸道感染疾病的高发群体，且危害较为明显，是世界范围内引起5岁以下儿童死亡的首位原因[2]。因此，增强临床治疗效果、降低疾病发生风险在提高学龄前儿童身体健康中具有重要意义[3]。本研究针对学龄前儿童呼吸道感染患儿鼻咽部细菌携带类型及危险因素进行分析，以为疾病治疗及预防提供参考。现将报道如下：

1 资料与方法