张秀静 马利转 李志婷 张国顺 侯炳旭

[摘要] 目的 探討煤矿工人功能性消化不良（FD）的危险因素。 方法 以罗马Ⅲ成人功能性胃肠病诊断调查问卷为基础，于2016年4～8月采用分层整群随机抽样的方式抽取1796名煤矿工人进行面谈式调查，计算其FD患病率。诊断为FD的患者为实验组，未诊断为FD者为对照组。采用多因素回归对FD发病影响因素进行多因素分析，分析吸烟、饮酒、喝茶、进食生冷食物、进食辛辣或生冷食物、水果及蔬菜进食量、饮水量、家庭收入、有无编制、工作性质（井下作业/地面作业）及工作时间等是否为FD发病的相关因素。 结果 共回收有效问卷1721例，其中FD组398例，对照组1323例，FD患病率为23.23%。FD组饮酒、进食辛辣饮食或酸制品、不进食早餐及进餐不规律的概率明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）。FD组中井下作业、作业时间长、家庭收入低及无正式编制者比例明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）。多因素回归分析示常吃辛辣食品、井下作业、作业时间长、家庭收入低是FD发生的影响因素（P < 0.05）。 结论 FD已成为煤矿工人的常见病，常吃辛辣食品、井下作业、作业时间长、家庭收入低为FD发生的危险因素。加强煤矿职工生活习惯教育、提高其待遇水平、改善作业环境并增加劳动保障可能将有助于降低煤矿职工FD的发生。

[关键词] 功能性消化不良；矿工；罗马Ⅲ标准；危险因素

[中图分类号] R573.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）02（c）-0049-05

Investigation of the risk factors for functional dyspepsia of coal miners

ZHANG Xiujing MA Lizhuan LI Zhiting ZHANG Guoshun HOU Bingxu

Department of Gastroenterology， North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital， Hebei Province， Tangshan 063000， China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the possible risk factors for functional dyspepsia （FD） of coal miners in Tangshan. Methods A total of 1796 coal miners were selected randomly based on the Rome Ⅲ diagnosed questionnaire for adult functional gastrointestinal disease from April to August in 2016. They were interviewed by face-to-face and data were collected. FD was diagnosed according to the Rome Ⅲ criteria. The prevalence of FD was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the significant factors related to FD. These factors contained smoking， alcohol drinking， drinking tea， spicy food intake， water consumption， family income， underground work， work time and so on. Results At last， 1721 effective questionnaires were collected. And 398 miners with FD were enrolled in FD group while 1323 miners belonged to non-FD group. The overall prevalence of FD was 23.23%. In FD group， the rates of alcohol drinking， spicy or acidity food intake， skipping breakfast and irregular diet were higher than those in non-FD group （P < 0.05）. In FD group， the occurrence rates of underground work， long work time， low family income and contracted workers were higher than those in non-FD group （P < 0.05）. Multivariate Logistic indicated that spicy food intake， underground work， long work time and low family income were the influence factors of FD （P < 0.05）. Conclusion FD is a common disease in coal miners. Spicy food intake， underground work， long work time and low family income are risk factors of FD. Living habits educations， a pay raise， improving the working environment and increasing the labor and social security maybe will help to reduce the happening of FD in the coal mine workers.

[Key words] Functional dyspepsia； Coal miner； Rome Ⅲ criteria； Risk factor

功能性消化不良（functional dyspepsia，FD）是指存在胃或十二指肠消化不良症状，且同时可排除器质性病变的一类消化系统疾病。FD具有发病率高、反复发病、治疗效果欠佳的特点，造成患者反复就医，影响其生活质量。国内外流行病学资料显示，FD发生与环境、年龄、职业、生活习惯和精神心理等多种因素有关，不同人群FD流行病学不尽相同[1-2]。煤矿工人作为一个特殊群体，具有工作时间長、工作环境差、工作风险高等特点，但我国目前尚无对煤矿工人FD的相关研究。本研究采用分层随机抽样的方法，对唐山市煤矿工人进行面访式调查，旨在了解煤矿工人FD的患病情况及危险因素，从而为本地区煤矿工人FD的精准化防治提供依据。……