二草酸合铜(Ⅱ)酸钾的固相合成、晶体结构与表征
2018-05-08钟国清王一安
钟国清 王一安
摘 要 以草酸钾和乙酸铜为原料,通过室温固相反应制备二草酸合铜(Ⅱ)酸钾配合物,用容量分析、X射线单晶衍射、X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱及热分析等方法进行组成与结构表征.实验结果表明,所制得的二草酸合铜(Ⅱ)酸钾的组成为K2[Cu(C2O4)2]·2H2O,晶体结构属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数为:a=0.693 08(5) nm,b=0.869 91(6) nm,c=0.901 11(7) nm,α=108.315(2)°,β=99.906(2)°,γ=97.179(2)°,Z=2,Dc=2.356 g·cm-3.铜(Ⅱ)与草酸根中的氧原子及水分子中的氧原子配位,形成配位数为6的变形八面体配合物.该配合物在氮气气氛中的热分解过程包括失水、脱CO2和脱CO,残余物为Cu和K2CO3.
关键词 二草酸合铜(Ⅱ)酸钾;配合物;室温固相合成;晶体结构;热分解
中图分类号 O614.121文献标识码 A文章编号 1000-2537(2017)06-0049-06
Abstract The complex of potassium copper(Ⅱ) oxalate was synthesized with potassium oxalate and copper acetate as the raw materials by a room-temperature solid-phase reaction. The composition and structure of the complex were characterized by titration analyses, single crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The crystal structure of the complex K2[Cu(C2O4)2]·2H2O belonged to the triclinic system with the space group P1 and cell parameters of a=0.693 08(5) nm, b=0.869 91(6) nm, c=0.901 11(7) nm, α=108.315(2)°, β=99.906(2)°, γ=97.179(2)°, Z=2, and Dc=2.356 g·cm-3.The Cu(Ⅱ) ion was hexacoordinated by six oxygen atoms from oxalate ligands and water molecules, forming an axial elongated octahedral geometry. The thermal decomposition process of the complex in the nitrogen atmosphere was found to be in three steps: dehydration, carbon dioxide removal and carbon monoxide removal, with the final residues to be Cu and K2CO3.
Key words potassium copper(Ⅱ) oxalate dihydrate; complex; room-temperature solid-phase reaction; crystal structure; thermal decomposition
草酸根是具有還原性的螯合配体,能与许多金属离子形成配合物,这些配合物有广泛应用,如草酸根的铁配合物有较高的光解效率,对水溶性染料有较好的脱色效果,可用于工业废水处理[1-3].二草酸合铜(Ⅱ)酸钾是许多高校开设的综合性或设计性实验[4-5],该实验涉及到许多基本操作,但学生实验制得的产物常常各不相同,如产物的颜色深浅不一、晶体质量差,个别学生甚至得不到晶体产物,因而无法完成该配合物的组成测定与结构表征.传统实验教材中,制备二草酸合铜(Ⅱ)酸钾的方法是:先将CuSO4与KOH反应转化为CuO,H2C2O4与K2CO3反应转化为KHC2O4,然后再用CuO和KHC2O4反应来制备产物,该法影响产品质量和产率的因素较多,学生完成实验的重现性不好.对二草酸合铜(Ⅱ)酸钾合成实验的探索与改进研究已有一些报道[6-9],但对该配……
