噬菌体对细菌性疾病疾控治疗的应用发展
2018-03-26刘淑雯
刘淑雯
摘要:随着抗生素在各领域广泛应用,致病菌对大多数抗生素产生抗性,细菌耐药性的出现使抗生素的效果越来越不明显。噬菌体作为新的抗菌制剂在细菌性感染的治疗方面具有抗生素无法比拟的优势,可以显著高效地提高细菌感染动物的存活率,近年来在畜禽疾病防控及人医上都有愈加深入的研究及应用,成为细菌性疾病防治新突破。本篇主要综述了噬菌体的抗菌及防治细菌性疾病的作用机理,噬菌体治疗技术的研究、发展及应用,以及其现有进展与对该领域未来发展方向的展望等等。
关键词:噬菌体;生物学特性;噬菌体治疗;细菌感染
Abstract: With the wide application of antibiotics in various fields, pathogenic bacteria are resistant to most antibiotics, and the emergence of bacterial resistance makes the effect of antibiotics less and less obvious. As a new antibacterial preparation, phage has the advantage that antibiotics cant be compared in the treatment of bacterial infections, and can significantly improve the survival rate of bacteria-infected animals. In recent years, there has been more in-depth research on prevention and control of livestock diseases and human medicine. And application, a new breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases. This article mainly reviews the antibacterial and antibacterial mechanism of bacteriophage, the research, development and application of phage therapeutic technology, as well as its current progress and prospects for the future development of the field.
Key words: phage; biological characteristics; phage therapy; bacterial infection
一、噬菌体的生物学特性
噬菌体能够感染细菌、真菌、放线菌等微生物,病毒属。Brussow 等[1]研究显示:噬菌体在自然界中约有1032个存在,数目庞大。其生活周期过程呈现 2种类型,烈性和温和噬菌体。噬菌体在侵袭细菌的过程中还表现出很独特的专一性,一种噬菌体往往只侵染一种细菌或某一菌株,而对哺乳类动物细胞无任何影响。此外,其裂解细菌的效率非常高,效能十分惊人[2]。
二、噬菌体治疗技术
(一)噬菌体治疗的作用机理
不同类噬菌体生物学特性不同,通常情况下对噬菌体作用机理的阐述从烈性噬菌体展开。研究发现,溶菌周期的差异不影响噬菌体对细菌的破坏,一类是吸附注入,即以细菌的表面蛋白作为受体吸附到细菌上或利用溶菌酶降解细菌表面荚膜样物质达到细菌细胞壁。……
