刘子建 易广威

摘 要：以共轴光学系统中圆柱形零件圆环形装配平面为研究对象，研究了装调中多零件对接时基准轴的角偏误差传递与补偿原理.首先分析了共轴光学系统的实际装调方法和典型定中心基准轴传递路径.然后基于误差测量和最小二乘法，确定拟合圆环形装配平面方程.运用几何变换理论得到精确描述单个零件底面和顶面的角偏误差的变换矩阵，以及两零件装配时结合面上两坐标系间的变换矩阵，建立了多零件装配时始末法线角偏误差与相对装入角度的显式函数关系.针对不同类型的定中心基准轴传递路径，采用不同的遗传算法方案实现了对始末法线角的优化，提出了求解相对装入角度允许误差的方法.最后提出了一种基于全局优装法的共轴光学系统装调方法，并以某共轴光学系统为例，验证了本文方法的可行性与实用性.

关键词：共轴光学系统；全局优化；光学装调；定中心基准轴；遗传算法

中图分类号：TN206 文献标志码：A

Abstract：Taking the ring assembly plane of cylinder part of coaxial optical system as the research object， the principle of tilt error transfer and compensation of fiducial axis in the case of multiple parts assembling was studied. Firstly， optical alignment of coaxial optical system and typical centering fiducial axis transfer paths were analyzed. And then error measurement and Least Square Method were conducted to fit the ring assembly plane of cylinder part and to get the coefficients of leastsquares plane equation. By the theory of 3D geometry transformation， the transformation matrices precisely describing the tilt error of bottom face and top face in a single part， the transformation matrices of two coordinate systems of assembly joint surface in the case of two parts assembling and the function relationship between the angle between two Normal Lines of Initial Bottom Surface and End Top Surface （ANLIBSETS） and the Relative Load Angle （RLA） in the case of multiple parts assembling were established. Aiming at different types of centering fiducial axis transfer paths and applying different genetic algorithm plans， the optimization of ANLIBSETS was achieved. The method of solving the error of RLA was proposed. Finally， an optical alignment method of coaxial optical system based on global optimization alignment method was proposed. The feasibility and practicability of this method are verified by an example of a coaxial optical system.

Key words：coaxial optical systems；global optimization；optical alignment；centering fiducial axis；genetic algorithm

隨着先进光学检测和计算机辅助装调（CAAComputer Aided Alignment）等技术的发展，国内外学者对共轴光学系统装调技术的研究不断深入.廖志波等[1]利用CAA技术，通过设置补偿环节对一次装调后透射式共轴光学系统的初级像差进行调整.郭夏锐等[2-3]通过分析透射式共轴光学系统各光学元件光轴一致性误差对光学系统像差的影响，提出一种基于像差分析和仿真预估指导光轴一致性装调的方……