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(山东省日照市五莲县实验学校)

一、关于图式理论

阅读教学在英语教学中有非常重要的地位，阅读课当以培养学生的阅读能力为主要教学目标，使学生在阅读速度、阅读方法与技巧、阅读理解的准确度和深度上得到提高。

传统的自下而上的阅读模式强调词汇教学，要求学生逐词逐句逐行进行解码，从而达到对整个段落和篇章的理解。但在阅读教学的过程中我们发现，这种阅读模式容易造成学生逐词逐句阅读的习惯，忽略对文章的整体把握，降低学生的阅读速度和效率。图式理论提出了一个相反的阅读模型，即自上而下模型。根据这一模型，读者不是被动的接受，领会文字的信息，而是对语言层次的词语、句子进行解码的同时进行积极的思维活动。根据文章所提供的线索，充分利用已有的知识结构即图式进行预测；利用上下文内容来证实或修订最初的预测，为下一步的预测做好准备。

可以看出，自上而下的阅读模型旨在激活学生记忆中已有图式，激发阅读动机，促使他们积极思维，以达到培养他们阅读理解能力的目的。

二、图示理论指导下的课堂设计

在图示理论的指导下，我对人教新目标八年级上册Unit8 SectionB 2b A Country Music Song Changed Her Life Forever进行了设计。具体如下：

StepI Pre-reading and lead-in

1.Watch a video and feel music can change our lives and our feelings.

2.Enjoy different pieces of music.Talk about how they feel about each one.

StepII Fast reading

Task1:Read the title and guess what the passage is mainly about.

Task2：Read the passage quickly and answer the question.

What kind of country music song changed her life forever？

StepIII Careful reading

(一)Task 1.Read paragraph1，3，find some information about Sarah’s change.

(二)Task2 Read para 2，3，find some informationabout country music.

1.What kind of music is it？It is a __________kind of music.

2.Where is it from？It is from the______states of America.

3.Which city is the home of it？____________________ is the home of it.

4.Who is a famous country music singer？________is a famous country music singer.

5.How many records has he sold？He has sold _______________records.

(三)Task3 Memorize some information by asking and answering in pairs，and then say something about country music with the help of a mind-map.

(四)Task4 Read paragragh 2 and think Why did the song change Sarah’s life？Answer the following three questions.

1.What is country musicabout？

2.What were the people like in the good old days？

3.What are the best things in life？

StepIV.Post-reading

Task Share our ideas

1.What is the most important for you in your life，money，success，friendship，family，laughter or health？Why？

2.What do you want to say to Sarah？

StepV.Writing

In our life，we may be changed because of a song，a book，a poem，a movie or a story.Please discuss in groups and then write a passage about what made you change and why？

三、图式理论在该节课中的运用

以下是图示理论在每一环节中的具体运用：StepI Pre-reading and lead- in(导入环节)

该节课的阅读内容A country music song changed her life forever。音乐是学生们熟悉并且喜欢的话题，因此我采用和学生一起欣赏歌曲谈感受的方式激活他们的相关图式，导入新课。……