Wang Yufu , Ma Haiyan

(1.North Minzu University,School of Maxism,Yinchuan,Ningxia,750021;2.North Minzu University,School of Ethnology,Yinchuan,Ningxia,750021)

Abstract:The scientific and effective introduction of science and technology talents is crucial for the economic development and the leading role of science and technology in a region. In the new era, Ningxia introduced a series of policies on the introduction of science and technology talents. This paper mainly introduces the importance of the introduction of science and technology talents in Ningxia, the connotation of science and technology talents, the successful experience of the introduction of science and technology talents at home and abroad, the introduction mechanism of science and technology talents, the main problems in the process of introducing science and technology talents in Ningxia and the proposed countermeasures.

Keywords: Ningxia; science and technology talents; introduction mechanism of science and technology talents; countermeasures

I. Statement of Problems

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that technology innovation is the strategic support for economic transformation and upgrading and guaranteeing comprehensive national strength. The most crucial link for science and technology innovation focuses on training and introducing first-class science and technology talents. At present, most of the domestic and foreign science and technology talents are gathered in famous universities and research institutions.In recent years,Ningxia’s economy has achieved rapid development and established large-scale science and technology parks.Ningxia’s colleges and universities also attach importance to the introduction of science and technology talents to enhance the international influence of Ningxia, continuously optimize the disciplines and industrial structure of Ningxia and improve the comprehensive strength of scientific research. However, the ability of universities and research institutions in Ningxia to cultivate cutting-edge and professional science and technology talents is still far behind that of many provinces in China. Therefore, Ningxia’s policy of introducing science and technology talents in line with its own development is of great significance for promoting the continuous improvement of the science and technology strength of Ningxia and the sustained prosperity and development of the economy. This paper mainly analyzes the mechanism of the introduction of science and technology talents and the related policies and existing problems of Ningxia in the introduction of talents and then proposes countermeasures and suggestions to promote the better introduction of science and technology talents in Ningxia.

II. Mechanism for the Introduction of Science and Technology Talents

In order to implement the spirit of the CPC Central Committee’s “Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the System and Mechanism of Talent Development”(No.9[2016]CPC Central Committee)to build a scientific and standardized,open,inclusive and efficient implementation of the talent development governance system, Ningxia has implemented more active, more open and more effective talent introduction policies, especially the introduction of domestic and foreign science and technology talents.

1. Connotation of Science and Technology Talents

Science and technology talents refer to those who have moral character and science and technology ability, who hold certain special science and technology skills and who have mastered knowledge or technology skills and have made great contributions to society.[1]The concept of science and technology talent mainly includes the following aspects. The first is to master specialized knowledge and ability. The second is to engage in science or technology work. The third is to be creative. The fourth is to make great contribution to society. The introduction of science and technology talents is a systematic project, which involves ningxia’s demand for science and technology talents’skills and expertise as well as the full communication and exchange with science and technology talents, the later cultivation and development of science and technology talents,implementation of various policies for talent introduction and protection of intellectual property rights.

2. Research on the Introduction Mechanism of Science and Technology Talents

In recent years, with the fierce competition of talents everywhere, the introduction of science and technology talents has become an important strategic goal of social and economic development in many regions of China. Therefore, all regions in China attach great importance to the introduction of science and technology talents. In the process of the introduction of science and technology talents,although various areas have introduced appropriate policies and incentives for the introduction of science and technology talents,many problems have arisen in this process, resulting in a waste of the introduction of science and technology talent resources. In this aspect,domestic and foreign scholars have made a lot of research,which is of great reference significance to the formulation of science and technology talent policy in Ningxia and to better display the talent of science and technology talent introduction.

In terms of domestic talent introduction, Yang Xiaoling explained the importance of formulating the policy of introducing science and technology talents through the research on the introduction of science and technology talents in Shanghai and analyzed the status of the introduction of science and technology talents in Shanghai[2]. In the field of empirical analysis, He Junfeng analyzed and evaluated the implementation effect of the talent introduction policy in Ningbo through a large number of questionnaires and interviews and proposed corresponding improvement measures and countermeasures for the existing problems[3]. From the perspectives of organization,self and society, Zhou Zinan and Zhang Peng analyzed the problems existing in the process of talent introduction in Lanzhou High-tech Zone and put forward suggestions for improving talent introduction measures.[4]In the comparative analysis of talent introduction, Ye Lu and Liu Xiaonong conducted comparative analysis and research on the introduction of science and technology talents and policies in various regions of China and believed that when comparing domestically developed regions with underdeveloped regions, it will be found that developed regions are perfected.The public facilities and development opportunities are important advantages in promoting the introduction of science and technology talents. Science and technology talents are more willing to live in cities with perfect infrastructure and economic development. It is pointed out that in the process of introducing science and technology talents, it is necessary to increase government policy support and guiding strength.[5]In the research on the evaluation of the introduction of science and technology talents, Ma Yinxue studied the issues related to the evaluation of the introduction of science and technology talents in Jiangsu Province.From the aspects of quantity forecasting and factor analysis, she studied the status quo of the introduction of science and technology talents in Jiangsu Province and analyzed the situation and sorted out the introduction policy and the incentive mechanism of Jiangsu Province in the process of introducing science and technology talents. She also pointed out the problems existing in the introduction of science and technology talents in Jiangsu Province and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the introduction of high-level science and technology talents in Jiangsu Province. It is a relatively complete study on the introduction of science and technology talents in China.[6]

Domestic scholars have also done a lot of research on the introduction of overseas science and technology talents. In 2012, Zhu Haoquan analyzed the willingness of overseas science and technology talents to work in China through an empirical survey.Through the analysis of the implementation effect of the existing domestic talent policy, he put forward specific measures to attract overseas science and technology talents to work in China.[7]Through research on the introduction of science and technology talents and countermeasures by the Chongqing Municipal Government, Zeng Yingrui pointed out that Chongqing has formulated the“Chongqing’s Medium and Long-Term Talent Development Plan”(2010-2020)and“Chongqing’s Twelfth Five-Year Plan Outline”. From 2010 to 2015, the total number of science and technology talents in Chongqing was in an increasing situation.In the introduction of overseas science and technology talents, it is necessary to actively use the resources of non-governmental organizations such as the Overseas Students Association and the European and American Alumni Association and fully relied on the foreign embassies and consulates and the Youth Talent Forum overseas sub-forum to create four special lines to attact talents such as “Hong Kong and Macao service trade talents”,“Detroit Auto and Motorcycle Experts”, “Indian Software Talents”,“European Environmental Talents”.[8]At the same time, Beijing Haidian District has also introduced a number of measures for the introduction of overseas science and technology talents, including the formulation of comprehensive talent introduction measures, mainly including the formulation of the Outline of Haidian District’s Medium and Long-Term Talent Development Plan and the Talents of Haidian District during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period. Haidian District issued the Implementation Measures for Further Strengthening the Work of the CPC Party Management Talents,Haidian District Measures to Promote the Construction of Talents Zones in Zhongguancun,Implementation Measures for High-level Talents Aggregation Services and Support Measures for Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development in Haidian District, Development Plan for Education Talents in the 12th Five-Year Plan Period in Haidian District and Implementation Measures for Introducing Talents in Health System of Haidian District. Through the high-end overseas talent service institutions such as Beijing Overseas Talent Center and Chinese Service Center for Scholarly Exchange, it provides a comprehensive,green channel service for the introduction of various high-end science and technology talents to build a professional, informatized and international service platform.

With the increasingly fierce competition among global science and technology talents, all regions are accelerating the pace of introducing science and technology personnel. To a certain extent, the most important factor for the achievements of western developed countries is the emphasis on science and technology talents and the introduction of science and technology talents. As a reference, strengthening the emphasis and introduction of science and technology talents in the new era is an important guarantee to realize the economic prosperity and development of Ningxia.

The foreign capitalist developed countries have the most mature mechanism for the introduction of science and technology talents in the United States and Japan in terms of formulating the mechanism and policies for the introduction of science and technology talents. The introduction of science and technology talents has created great social wealth for these countries and significantly enhanced their comprehensive national strength. The introduction of science and technology talents established by the United States includes the Fulbright Plan implemented in 1946, the Common Education and Cultural Exchanges promulgated in the 1960s and the International Education Law to promote the introduction of science and technology talents in the United States. According to statistics, the number of students studying in the United States in 1999 accounted for 33.3% of the total number of international students.After the 1980s,the number of science and technology talents immigrating to the United States reached 6,000 each year.[9]Japan’s measures to introduce science and technology talents mainly include the following four aspects.The first is to hire foreign experts with high salaries. The second is to hold large-scale international academic conferences. The third is to establish overseas laboratories and the fourth is to set up multinational corporations.The four parts work together to promote science and technology talents to serve them.

III. Specific Measures and Existing Problems of Science and Technology Talent Introduction in Ningxia

The unreasonable talent structure and insufficient science and technology talent resources are the bottlenecks restricting the rapid economic and social development of Ningxia. Strengthening the construction of science and technology talents,introducing a group of science and technology talents that have made great achievements in various fields and making outstanding contributions is a realistic requirement to adapt to the trend of innovation and participate in talent competition and promote structural optimization, power conversion, mode change and high-quality development. The urgent need of the road is also an inevitable choice for optimizing the talent development environment and strengthening the Ningxia science and technology talent team.

1.Specific Measures for Introduction of Science and Technology Talents in Ningxia

Actively introducing science and technology talents is an important way to accelerate the rapid economic development of Ningxia. It is vital to promote the development of high-tech industries,continuously improve the ability of science and technology innovation and implement the science and education. Ningxia’s main measures for the introduction of science and technology talents are as follows.

A scientific and efficient management system for science and technology talents has been established.The first is to transform the government’s science and technology personnel management functions,strengthening the government’s macro management of science and technology talents, promoting the government’s management departments to decentralize power and eliminating excessive intervention in science and technology talents. The three levels of government in Ningxia,the district,the city and the county have respectively established a power list and a list of responsibilities for science and technology personnel management services and standardized the recruitment, evaluation, mobility,job title evaluation and research projects for science and technology personnel. The employer’s autonomy in the introduction of science and technology talents has been expanded and the leading role of employers in the training and introduction of science and technology talents has been fully exerted,achieving a flexible remuneration system for science and technology talents who have made outstanding contributions and implementing various measures such as agreement wages, annual salary and funds and payment according to current channels.

It is necessary to implement a more active,open and effective talent introduction policy and introduce more domestic and foreign science and technology talents.For science and technology talents introduced from outside the district full-time, one-time living subsidies and research start-up funds can be granted. The living subsidies are credited to individual accounts in stages and the research start-up funds are allocated to the employer accounts,which are dedicated to relevant science and technology personnel. Full-time Ph.D. students who graduated from key universities and key disciplines(including “double-class universities”, former national “985 projects” and “211 projects”universities, well-known research institutes and other universities in the Ministry of Education to evaluate the top 10 disciplines),they can get a deputy senior professional and technological position in the year of employment.It is also important to improve the flexible policy for the introduction of science and technology talents and support the Ningxia enterprises and institutions to adopt key technologies to jointly tackle research or entrust research and development, scientific research results to transform and hire experts and to introduce high-level science and technology talents and teams. It is necessary to strengthen cooperation with well-known universities and research institutes at home and abroad and strive to establish a cooperative alliance of production,education and research and strive for the transformation of its scientific research results into Ningxia. Ningxia will grant financial assistance to state-level research institutes and key laboratories to set up branches in our district. For the advancement of advanced scientific research results in Ningxia and the construction of innovative platforms, local governments provide support in planning land use,fiscal and tax reduction and start-up funds.Local governments and employers should reward those talents or teams that have made significant technological breakthroughs, solved key technological problems and promoted remarkable development results.it is also important to improve the network for the introduction of science and technology talents and added the “Ningxia Talent Workstation”brand in various overseas offices in Ningxia, giving them the job responsibilities of publicity, contact, and introduction of science and technology talents and exerting their local resident talents effect. It is vital to expand and improve the domestic and foreign science and technology talent network, give play to the role of new media in equal publicity, accelerat the layout and establish the science and technology talent workstations in countries along the "Belt And Road" and strengthen the introduction of overseas high-level science and technology talent by giving play to the China-Arab Expo platform and brand effect.

A more flexible science and technology talent cultivation mechanism has been constructed with market orientation. It is crucial to adhere to the science and technology talents to lead the development, comprehensively use of industrial policies and fiscal, tax leverage and increase the introduction of science and technology talent resources. Science and technology talents who have made outstanding contributions to the science and technology progress and economic and social development of Ningxia can be recommended to enjoy the special allowance of the State Council and the special allowance of the autonomous region government and give priority to the selection of young experts with outstanding contributions from the country and the national “100 Million Talent Project”and the autonomous region “New Century 313 Talent Project”. Ningxia will give great rewards to those who have made outstanding contributions to science and technology achievements. For the science and technology talents who start the enterprise in Ningxia, who have projects, technology,innovation and entrepreneurship will be given funding subsidies from 500 thousand to 5 million yuan according to the evaluation of their projects.For the national first-class innovation team that undertakes major science and technology projects, a maximum of 10 million yuan of financial subsidies can be granted. For enterprises to introduce high-level science and technology talents for technology innovation, so that enterprises obtain Chinese well-known trademarks or Chinese famous brand products. The innovation team can be rewarded 200 thousand yuan one-time. For the particularly outstanding technology entrepreneurship project coming to Yinchuan, if there is no capital to build a factory, the development zone and the industrial park will provide standard workshops according to the actual needs of the implementation of the transformation.

2. Problems in Ningxia’s Introduction of Scientific and Technological Talents

In the process of introducing science and technology talents in Ningxia, the main problems are as follows. One aspect is that the relevant scholars have especially studied the introduction of Ningxia science and technology talents,making it difficult for people to find the status quo of Ningxia science and technology talent introduction and related policies for the introduction of science and technology talents on relevant academic websites. Another aspect is that Ningxia’s incentive mechanism in the process of introducing science and technology talents is relatively simple.

Insufficient studies on the introduction of Ningxia science and technology talents have been implemented. If you open the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and input“Ningxia science and technology talents introduction”,you can see that there is no relevant research. If you input“Ningxia science and technology talents”,you can see a total of 14 papers,of which 12 are published before the year of 2013.Therefore,there is not much reference value for understanding the current status of science and technology talents and the introduction of science and technology talents in Ningxia and these articles are published in unknown magazines, so their academic values are not great. Two papers published in 2017,“Ningxia Science and Technology Reform and Innovation Research”mainly discussed the four stages of Ningxia’s science and technology reform,the achievements of science and technology reform and innovation, enlightenment from science and technology reform and innovation, analysis of problems and corresponding countermeasures,[10]but none of them mentioned the introduction of science and technology talents. Another article on“Innovation-driven development strategy in Ningxia in the context of “the Belt and Road”mainly elaborates on the challenges and opportunities facing Ningxia’s economic and social development in the context of the Belt and Road”and the proposed countermeasures for development,transformation and upgrading of Ningxia in the context of the Belt and Road,[11]which did not address the issues related to the introduction of science and technology talents in Ningxia. It can be seen from the above that the relevant scholars have little or no research on the introduction of Ningxia science and technology talents and some existing talent introduction policies cannot be timely realized by most science and technology talents. It is of great significance for the introduction of science and technology talents in Ningxia to invest appropriate funds for the research on the introduction of science and technology talents in Ningxia.

In the process of the introduction of science and technology talents in Ningxia, the means of stimulating science and technology talents is relatively simple. The diversified incentive mechanism is an important basis for the introduction of science and technology talents to work and live in Ningxia.According to the theory of demand,people’s needs are diverse, especially for science and technology talents. The demand for science and technology talents is not only the comfort of income and living conditions, but also the use of their own learning and talents to make greater contributions to this society, thereby realizing their own values and respected by this society. They also want to continuously learn and pursue the skills and talents that they have learned. However, the existing policy of science and technology talent introduction in Ningxia focuses more on the material incentives for the introduction of science and technology talent,including salary, subsidies, incentives and the preference in housing and children’s study. In the“Implementation Measures for the High-level Talents of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region”issued in 2018, there are five categories of talents introduced. The incentives for introducing incentives include research and project start-up funds, housing expenses, subsidies, household registration,children’s school admission, spouse placement,health care, social insurance, financial services,business and tax services. There are few regulations and publicities on the soft power of science and technology talents such as the important social significance of science and technology talents coming to work in Ningxia, the realization of their own value and the humanistic care of science and technology talents.

IV. Suggestions and Countermeasures on the Introduction of Ningxia Science and Technology Talents

Based on the above analysis and the review of relevant literature and combined with the actual development needs of Ningxia, it is necessary to further promote Ningxia to better introduce science and technology talents and propose the following countermeasures. The first is to establish a scientific concept of science and technology talents introduction. The second is to improve the introduction system of science and technology talents to create a good environment for gathering talents.The third is to build a more competitive introduction mechanism for science and technology talents to formulate a multi-disciplinary talent incentive mechanism. The fourth is to strengthen research on the introduction of scientific and technological talents.

1. Establishing a Scientific Concept of Science and Technology Talent Introduction

On June 28,2013,president Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the National Organizational Work Conference: “We must establish a strong sense of talents, seek talents, find that talents are worthy of treasure, recommend talents in all aspects and let them exert their abilities.”[12]Therefore, it is necessary to establish the concept of science and technology personnel introduction in the process of science and technology talent introduction and formulate measures and policies of science and technology talent introduction in line with Ningxia’s development. In combination with the planning and positioning of Ningxia’s development, it is vital to introduce science and technology talent that is really suitable for the development needs of the region,rather than the hasty introduction without considering the actual situation of the region’s development,which is only a waste of science and technology talent resources.

In the process of introducing science and technology talents, Ningxia should follow the basic conditions of economic and social development in Ningxia, comply with the basic laws of the introduction of science and technology talents and the development of science and technology talents,enhance the goal and standardization of the introduction of science and technology talents and scientifically arrange the introduction of science and technology talents every year. A reasonable and orderly introduction of science and technology talent is required,a comprehensive and multi-angle survey of the science and technology talent to be introduced is conducted and an evaluation mechanism and a strict talent assessment system should be established.

2.Improving the Introduction System of Science and Technology Talents and Creating a Good Environment for Gathering Talents

In the process of introducing science and technology talents, Ningxia should make full use of the role of market allocation and control in science and technology talents, create service institutions for the introduction of science and technology talents and strictly implement the evaluation standards and qualifications for the introduction of science and technology talents. It is also important to strengthen cooperation with domestic and foreign science and technology personnel service institutions, make full use of the advantages of the market, strengthen the wave and exchange of science and technology talents and serve the growth of the science and technology talents in Ningxia. It is necessary to ensure cooperation with universities, enterprises and scientific research institutions at home and abroad,build a platform for the introduction of Ningxia science and technology talents and use the convenience of modern networks and communication technologies to promote the introduction of domestic and foreign science and technology talents. Each Ningxia overseas office added the “Ningxia Talent Workstation”brand should play its role in the local resident. It is also crucial to set up a special line for the introduction of science and technology talents in developed countries and countries along the“Belt and Road”and increase the introduction of overseas science and technology talents by leveraging the platform and brand effect of the China-Arab States Expo. In Ningxia, a good environment for gathering talents should be built and preferential policies for the introduction of science and technology talents in terms of material aspects should be formulated, so that the introduced science and technology talents can live well in scientific research, life and leisure.Ningxia should not only introduce high-quality science and technology talents, but also make all kinds of science and technology talents play the biggest role in work and scientific research and make contributions to the development of Ningxia for a long time.

The distribution of science and technology talents is very extensive.In the process of introducing science and technology talents, Ningxia should strengthen the promotion of the introduction of science and technology talents and publicize the policy of introducing Ningxia science and technology talents through media such as television,internet and newspapers so as to enable domestic and foreign science and technology talents to have a comprehensive understanding of Ningxia’s high-level talent introduction policies and strategies.In the process of introducing science and technology talents, it is indispensable to create a strong scope of respecting talents,knowledge and creation.

3.Establishing a More Competitive Introduction Mechanism for Science and Technology Talents

It is vital to improve and optimize the introduction mechanism of science and technology talents in Ningxia, implement a more scientific and rational introduction mechanism for science and technology talents and introduce science and technology talents at home and abroad. It is also necessary to introduce science and technology talents around Ningxia’s development strategy and the development needs of key industries and disciplines,vigorously implement the introduction of young science and technology talents, set up a special science and technology talents introduction group according to the needs of Ningxia science and technology talents every year and efficiently recruit and introduce high-level young talents in Ningxia.Meanwhile, it is essential to inspire the government and enterprises to introduce science and technology talents, give priority to the introduction of science and technology talents in platform construction and scientific research projects, strengthen the tracking and evaluation of the introduction of science and technology talents and establish a dynamic mechanism for the introduction and withdrawal of science and technology talents. Besides, Ningxia should encourage and support various science and technology talents introduction units to adopt key technologies to jointly tackle key problems and transform scientific research results and introduce science and technology talents and teams.Cooperation with well-known universities and research institutes at home and abroad must be strengthened, so that the scientific research talents and team research results of the introduction will be transformed in Ningxia. It is important to establish national key (engineering)laboratories, engineering technology research centers, pilot test bases or technology transfer centers and strive to introduce high-level talents flexibly through job posting,project cooperation and technical consultation. For state-level research institutes and key laboratories to set up branches in our province, the autonomous region shall grant financial subsidies. For the advancement of advanced scientific research results in our province and the construction of innovative platforms, local governments should provide support in planning land use, fiscal and tax reduction, and start-up funds.

4. Strengthening the Research on the Introduction of Science and Technology Talents

At present, there are not many relevant researches on the introduction of Ningxia science and technology talents. Special research funds should be set up to increase the research on the status of Ningxia science and technology talents, the number of science and technology talents introduced, the social benefits of science and technology talents and the related technology talent introduction mechanism.The specific measures include: The first is to study and analyze the technology talent introduction mechanism and relevant policy in foreign capitalist developed countries and to extract the mature mechanism suitable for the local science and technology talent introduction in Ningxia.The second is to study and analyze the mechanism of science and technology talent introduction in inland coastal developed areas of China and extract the successful experience of science and technology talent introduction in Ningxia. The third is to study the theories about the incentive mechanism of science and technology talents, explores a diversified incentive mechanism suitable for the introduction of science and technology talents in Ningxia and attracts more science and technology talents to work in Ningxia. The fourth is to conduct research on the innovation and reform of the relevant policies and mechanisms introduced in Ningxia in order to meet the talent development strategy of Ningxia in the new era. Fifth, the decision-making department of the government attaches importance to the research results of the introduction of relevant science and technology talents so that the good research results are finally reflected in the decision-making of the government’s science and technology talent introduction so as to improve the scientific and systematic introduction of science and technology talents in Ningxia.