藏药榜嘎的资源与使用情况调查
2018-01-29刘治民赵纪峰秦松云刘翔王昌华张植玮罗维早钟国跃
刘治民+赵纪峰+秦松云+刘翔+王昌华+张植玮+罗维早+钟国跃


[摘要] 为明确藏药榜嘎的实际基原,掌握榜嘎的使用情况、资源分布及其蕴藏量,该文采用文献调查、走访调查以及野外实地调查等方法,探明藏药榜嘎的实际基原主要为甘青乌头Aconitum tanguticum或船盔乌头A. naviculare的干燥全草或地上部分。其中甘青乌头主要分布在四川、甘肃、青海、西藏(昌都地区),船盔乌头主要分布在西藏。四川、甘肃、青海等藏区主要使用资源量较大的甘青乌头,西藏地区(除昌都地区外)主要使用船盔乌头,船盔乌头的资源趋于濒危状态,文献记载的其他品种未见使用。表明榜嘎药材的使用与其资源状况有关,建议需加强保护,并引导市场流通。
[关键词] 藏药; 榜嘎; 资源调查; 使用情况
[Abstract] The study is aimed to clarify the actual original plant, find out the usage status and the resource distribution of the Tibetan medicinal plant "Bangga". By using the way of the literatures survey, interview and investigation, it found out that the actual original plant of the Tibetan medicinal plant "Bangga" were the whole dried plant or the aerial part of Aconitum tanguticum or A. naviculare of Ranunculaceae, among which A. tanguticummainly distributed in Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet (Qamdo), and A. naviculare mainly distributed in Tibet. Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai and other Tibetan areas mainly used the resources of A. tanguticum, Tibet (except the Qamdo area) mainly uses the A. naviculare, which resource was imminent in danger. Other species described in the literature were not used. It showed that the use of herbs related to their resources, it is recommended to strengthen the protection and guide the market.
[Key words] Tibetan medicinal plant; Bangga; resource investigation; usage status
藏药“榜嘎”()是藏医临床常用特色药材,《晶珠本草》[1-3]等文献记载其具有清热解毒、生肌收口、燥湿的功效,临床常用于治疗传染病引起的发热,肝胆热病,血症,胃热,疮疡,蛇蝎咬伤以及“黄水病”。经初步统计,处方中含“榜嘎”药材的藏药成方,《中国药典》2015年版[4]中收载有5个(十二味翼首散、九味石灰华散、十三味榜嘎散、二十五味松石丸、安儿宁颗粒),《卫生部药品标准·藏药》第一册[3]中收載有37个,临床应用广泛。经对藏医药文献中“榜嘎”的初步考证得知,“榜嘎”基原主要为毛茛科植物船盔乌头Aconitum naviculare Stapf或甘青乌头A.tanguticum (Maxim) Stapf 的干燥全草[5],此外还涉及毛果甘青乌头A.tanguticum var.trichocarpum Hand.-Mazz.、叉苞乌头A.creagromorphum Lauener、刷经寺乌头A.liljestrandii var. fangianum、祁连山乌头A.chilienshanicum W.T.Wang等同属多种植物[6-7],其药用部位也存在一定的差异[8],且其现有的质量标准也不完善。……
