完形填空答题策略
2018-01-27闫跃
闫跃
我們知道完形填空一般是无法根据空格所在句本身确定答案的,解题需要结合上下文。篇章在词汇上体现衔接(词语的同现、复现),在逻辑上体现连贯(因果、转折关系等)。下面结合2017年的高考题,我们从词语复现、词语同现和逻辑关系三个方面加以说明。
[词语复现]
词语复现包括原词复现、同根词复现、同义/近义词复现、上下义词复现,它是衔接语篇的最直接手段,完形填空的很多选项就可以根据这一手段来确定。
例1 (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air to the right woman. But 41 (restrictions) apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallahgher and have a Canadian 42 ... The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让) 45 , (policy), but since passport information was not required when 46 (booking), any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 (use) it.
42. A. origin B. passport C. accent D. friend
解析 上文提到一个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后,希望免费赠送自己为女朋友低价购买的环球航空旅行票的故事,但不是每个人都能获得这个机会,对方必须是一个名叫Elizabeth Gallagher,而且有加拿大护照的女子。第42空可根据第45~47空所在的句子得出答案,其中第42小题答案与第45空之后的passport构成原词复现。
例2 (2017·全国卷Ⅱ) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids 41 (entered) “The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the 42 students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43 (dull).
42. A. name B. rule
C. brand D. plan
解析 A。根据此段可以看出,原本这间房子是被编号为Room 104的,但后来学生投票决定把称呼改了,叫作The Thinking Laboratory,由此可知,后者即是学生们为这间房子取的“名字”。the Thinking Laboratory是下义词,答案name是上义词。
例3 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 (experience) at college for the better.
41. A. searching B. planning
C. natural D. formal
解析 A。段首提到一般而言高中不鼓励学生探索生活中新的方面,但大学却提供了这么做的舞台。后面提到作为大学生的“我”就经历了这个过程。所以可知,名词process(过程)前面的定语应跟“探索”有关,故选择searching。动名词searching可视作名词exploration的近义词,二者构成近义词复现。
[词语同现]
一个语篇往往专注于某一主题或话题,与此相关的词可能会共同出现。……
