王文采

(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)

荨麻科冷水花属5新种

王文采

(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)

描述了自广西和云南发现的荨麻科冷水花属5新种，龙舟冷水花，泸水冷水花，陇瑞冷水花，小冷水花和元宝山冷水花，并给出其与近缘种的区别特征。

荨麻科；冷水花属；新种；中国南部

图1 A～D.龙州冷水花：A.植株全形；B.托叶；C.雌花；D.雌蕊 E～H.泸水冷水花：E.开花雌茎顶部；F.茎顶部一段，示散生的鳞片；G.雌聚散花序；H.雌花Fig.1 A-D.Pilea longzhouensis：A. Habit; B. Stipule; C. Pistillate flower; D. Pistil.(from holotype) E-H. P.lushuiensis：E. Apical part of flowering pistillate stem; F. A portion of apical stem,showing the scattered scales; G. Pistillate cyme; H. Pistillate flower.(from holotype)

龙州冷水花 图1:A-D

PilealongzhouensisW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1:A-D

(Sect.TetrameresC.J.Chen ser.BasicordataeC.J.Chen)

Species nova haec est affinisP.basicordataeW.T.Wang ex C.J.Chen, quae foliorum laminis basi cordatis vel profunde cordatis, stipulis longitudinaliter 7-8-nervibus, tepalis pistillatis 2-plo brevioribus 0.5 mm longis ovato-oblongis, ovario oblongo, stigmatis penicillati pilis liberis differt.

Small perennial herb, dioecious. Stem ca. 1.4 cm tall, at base ca. 2 mm across, glabrous, simple. Leaves ca. 3 pairs conferted on apex of stem, long petiolate, glabrous; blades papery, elliptic or obovate, 5.5-8×3-4.2 cm, apex shortly acuminate or shortly cuspidate, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, sometimes minutely auriculate, margin entire; nervation triherved, with basal nerves adaxially flat, abaxially slightly prominent and with ca. 3 pairs of inconspicuous lateral nerves; cystoliths very dense, very conspicuous, bacilliform or fusiform, 0.2-0.3 mm long; petioles 4.5-7.5 cm long; stipules white, oblong, 1.2-2.4×0.32-0.6 cm, with 2 longitudinal nerves, apex rounded-obtuse. Staminate cymes and staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate cyme axillary, racemiform, ca. 6 cm long; peduncle ca. 6 cm long, glabrous; bracts membranous, navicular or triangular, 1.2-1.8×0.8-1 mm, glabrous or above sparsely ciliolate. Pistillate flower ca. 1.2 mm in diam.: pedicel robust, ca. 1.8×0.5 mm, glabrous; tepals 4, carnose, deltoid, ca. 1×0.8 mm, glabrous; staminodes wanting; pistil ca. 1.3 mm long; ovary black, broadly ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; stigma subturbinate (the subturbinate body is resulted from the fusion of the stigmatic hairs).

广西(Guangxi)：龙州县，鸭溪(Longzhou Xian,Yaxi),alt. 300 m,石灰岩山(in limestone hill),1966-04-??，郑慧莹，陈伟烈等，无号(Zheng Huiying,Chen Weilie et al. sine num.)(♀,holotype,PE).

本种在亲缘关系方面与基心叶冷水花PileabasicordataW.T.Wang ex C.J.Chen甚为接近，与后者的区别在于本种的叶片基部近圆形、宽楔形或不明显耳形，托叶具2条纵脉，雌花被片较大，长1 mm，正三角形，子房宽卵球形，柱头近陀螺状(近陀螺状体系由柱头毛发生愈合而形成)。在基心叶冷水花，叶片基部心形或深心形，托叶具7～8条纵脉，雌花被片较短2倍，长0.5 mm，卵状长圆形，子房呈长圆形，画笔头状的柱头的毛离生[1～2]。

泸水冷水花 图1：E-H

PilealushuiensisW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1: E-H

(Sect.TetrameresC.J.Chen ser.SpinulosaeC.J.Chen)

Species nova haec est affinisP.dolichocarpaeC.J.Chen, quae caulibus squamis carentibus, foliorum laminis glabris, stipulis majoribus oblongis 6-7 mm longis, cymis pistillatis glabris et squamis carentibus, tepalis pistillatis prope apicem breviter corniculatis facile distinguitur.

Perennial herbs. Stems ca. 30 cm tall, above base ca. 2.5 mm across, glabrous, near apex sparsely squamate (scales suborbicular, ca. 0.1 mm in diam.), simple or 1-branched. Leaves opposite, petiolate, those of the same pair slightly unequal in size, the larger one with longer petiole and the smaller one with shorter petiole; blades papery, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, 6-12×1.6-3.4 cm, apex attenuate or shortly caudate, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, margin densely multi-denticulate; surfaces adaxially glabrous, abaxially on basal nerves sparsely puberulous, fast glabrescent; nervation trinerved, with basal nerves adaxially nearly flat, abaxially slightly prominent, and with ca. 15 pairs of lateral nerves; cystoliths dense, punctiform or shortly bacilliform, 0.05-0.15 mm long; petioles 0.7-2.1 cm long, glabrous or near apex with a few short hairs; stipules triangular or subulate, 0.8-1 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate cymes singly axillary, shortly pedunculate, 4-10 mm broad, three times branched, on branches with sparse hairs and small scales, and on branch apexes with dense pistillate flowers; bracts brown, narrowly ovate or linear, 0.4-0.8 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flower shortly pedicellate or sessile: tepals 4, glabrous, unequal in size, at base connate, the larger one oblong, ca. 0.5 mm long, and the other three smaller ones linear, 0.3-0.4 mm long; ovary ellipsoidal, 0.4-0.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma penicillate, ca. 0.1 mm long.

云南(Yunnan):泸水县，片马乡(Lushui Xian,Pianma Xiang),ca. 13 km N of Pianma on the road Ganfang,W side of Gaoligong Shan, alt.. 2 150 m. Perennial herb, frequent. Flowers greenish. Growing along trail in shade, wet place. 2005-05-13. Gaoligong Shan Biodiversitly Survey 24057 (♀,holotype,PE).

本种在亲缘关系方面接近瘤果冷水花PileadolichocarpaC.J.Chen，与后者的区别在于本种的茎在近顶端部分具小鳞片，叶片下面在基出脉上疏被短柔毛，托叶较小，长0.5～1 mm，呈三角形或钻形，雌聚伞花序的分枝疏被短柔毛和小鳞片，雌花被片无任何突起。在瘤果冷水花，茎无鳞片，叶片无毛，托叶较大，长6～7 mm，呈长圆形，雌聚伞花序无毛，也无鳞片，雌花被片近顶端具短角状突起[1～2]。……