黑河流域中下游黑果枸杞资源调查及保护利用
2017-12-15林丽晋玲李晓瑾崔治家王振恒马毅
林丽 晋玲 李晓瑾 崔治家 王振恒 马毅


[摘要]掌握黑果枸杞在黑河流域中下游的资源种类及分布范围,为合理开发使用上述地区的黑果枸杞提供科学依据。根据黑河流域黑果枸杞的分布情况,采用线路调查、走访调查以及区采药农的方法,进行野外调查记载、采集、室内鉴定、分类研究。运用ArcGIS软件分析分布区域特点。基本掌握了黑果枸杞的种类、分布范围及蕴藏量,并对其种质资源数量有了了解。为合理开发使用黑果枸杞提供了科学依据,避免因不合理的开发利用而导致对生态环境的破坏。
[关键词]黑河流域中下游; 黑果枸杞; 资源调查; 保护利用
[Abstract]This study was aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative distributions of Lycium ruthenicum resources in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River, for providing scientific evidence for the protective utilization of the resources in the corresponding geographic region The outdoor sample plot and quadrat survey, literature search, sample collection, inhouse identification and classification were performed by route surveying and visiting to the local natives and/or herb farmers based on the current distribution data of the L ruthenicum resources in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River The distributive pattern of the resources was analyzed using ArcGIS program The data regarding the category/distributed area and the genetic resources of the L ruthenicum were collected The data collected in this study may provide the scientific evidence for the protective utilization of the L ruthenicum resources in the corresponding geographic region, allowing for the avoidance of the ecological environment from being damaged by improper utilization
[Key words]middle and lower reaches of Heihe River; Lycium ruthenicum; resource survey; protection
黑果枸杞Lycium ruthenicum Murr為茄科Solanaceae枸杞属植物[1],是我国西北荒漠地区一种特有的野生植物资源,其浆果球形,成熟后为紫黑色,无毒,有甜味,是一种亟待开发的野生植物资源[2]。黑果枸杞是一种盐生植物,分布于盐碱土荒地、沙地或路旁[36],具有独特的外部形态和内部结构特征,以及适应盐碱环境的抗盐机制,分布范围较广,对盐碱土壤有很强的适应能力[7]。分布于我国山西北部、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、西藏[8]和内蒙古等地,中亚、高加索和欧洲亦有分布[9]。在我国新疆、甘肃两省分布较多,且主要分布于新疆塔里木河下游地区,属于典型的荒漠植物[10],而在甘肃则主要分布于河西走廊地区、黑河流域沿岸及其湿地地区。在民族书籍中,黑果枸杞拥有不同的名字,如蒙药名为“乔诺英哈尔马格”、藏药名“旁玛”。《维吾尔药志》记载,其果实具有强肾、润肝、明目、健胃、补脑、抗衰、通经作用[11]。……
