细辛炮制历史沿革和研究进展
2017-10-20强小娟尹玎朱智慧
强小娟++尹玎++朱智慧
摘要:本文以《历代中药炮制资料辑要》为线索,结合历年版《中华人民共和国药典》、1988年版《全国中药炮制规范》、地方炮制规范及现代炮制研究相关资料,对古今文献收载的细辛炮制相关的内容进行归纳整理。历代关于细辛的炮制方法有净制、切制、加热炮制及加辅料炮制等记载,而现代细辛的炮制方法相对单一,除2008年版《上海市中药饮片炮制规范》收载的蜜炙外,各版《中华人民共和国药典》及其他规范仅提及净制和切制。近年研究表明,炒制、碱制、酒制、低温超微粉碎等炮制方法可有效降低细辛毒性,增强临床应用安全性。本文通过整理细辛炮制的历史沿革和研究进展,为现代炮制研究提供参考。
关键词:细辛;炮制;历史沿革;研究进展;综述
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2017.10.035
中图分类号:R283.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2017)10-0130-03
History and Research Progress of Asari Radix et Rhizoma Processing QIANG Xiao-juan, YIN Ding, ZHU Zhi-hui (Pengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, China)
Abstract: Setting Li Dai Zhong Yao Pao Zhi Zi Liao Ji Yao as clue, this article searched each edition of China Pharmacopoeia, National Processing Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine issued in 1988, and relevant materials of local processing standards and modern processing study, and concluded and combed the contents about Asari Radix et Rhizoma processing in ancient and modern literature. There are records about Asari Radix et Rhizoma processing methods in history, including net processing, cutting processing, heating processing and processing excipient. However, Asari Radix et Rhizoma processing methods in modern time are relatively simple. In addition to the version of the Processing Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Shanghai issued in 2008, containing the honey Asari Radix et Rhizoma, other editions of China Pharmacopoeia and processing standards only recorded net processing and cutting processing. Recent research showed that processing methods of modern stir frying processing, alkali processing, wine processing, low temperature ultrafine comminution processing and so on, can effectively reduce the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma and enhance the safety of clinical application. This article summarized the history and research progress of Asari Radix et Rhizoma processing, and provided a reference for the study on modern processing.
Key words: Asari Radix et Rhizoma; processing methods; history; research progress; review
細辛为马兜铃科植物北细辛Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum(Maxim.)Kitag.、汉城细辛Asarum sieboldii Miq.var.seoulense Nakai或华细辛Asarum sieboldii Miq.的干燥根和根茎[1]。首载于《神农本草经》,列为上品:“细辛,味辛温。主咳逆,头痛,脑动,百节拘挛,风湿痹痛,死肌。久服明目,利九窍,轻身长年。一名小辛,生山谷。”[2]其临床应用历史悠久,常用于风寒感冒、头痛、牙痛、鼻塞流涕、鼻鼽、鼻渊、风湿痹痛、痰饮喘咳等症。中药经炮制后入药是中医
基金项目:国家中医药管理局全国中药特色技术传承人才培训项目(2015年)
临床用药的一大特色,历代医家在临床使用中产生了细辛的多种炮制方法,在古代文献中皆有记载。为了明确细辛炮制的起源、现状、发展,经查阅《历代中药……