沙化草地植被恢复治理技术研究综述
2017-10-17赵燕兰周青平戴龙昊彭云煦柏
赵燕兰,周青平,曾 鹂,戴龙昊,彭云煦柏 松*
(1.西南民族大学化学与环境保护工程学院,成都 610041 2.西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,成都 610041)
沙化草地植被恢复治理技术研究综述
赵燕兰1,周青平2,曾 鹂1,戴龙昊1,彭云煦1柏 松1*
(1.西南民族大学化学与环境保护工程学院,成都 610041 2.西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,成都 610041)
围栏封育、机械沙障固沙和人工植恢复措施是当前沙化草地恢复治理的主要手段。将机械沙障方法与人工植被有机结合的使用方式应用更广。目前国内外针对沙化草地退化机理,植被恢复技术措施,恢复治理模式示范与推广等方面研究较多;关于人工种植被对沙化草地的适应机理,根际土壤微生物学特性对植被恢复的响应机制等方面研究相对薄弱。未来研究的重点方向是探索兼顾生态效益和经济效益的植被恢复技术,特别是根据不同地区沙化草地的退化特征,因地制宜开展多学科交叉集成的植被恢复综合治理模式研究。
沙化草地;围栏封育;机械沙障;植被恢复技术
Abstract:The main sandy grassland control methods include enclosure, sand-fixation with mechanical sand barrier and artificial vegetation restoration.The combination of sand-fixation with mechanical sand barrier and adaptable plant is one of the most important means of restoration and control for sandy grassland. There is less research on adaptation mechanism of adapted plants to sandy grassland, on response mechanism of rhizosphere soil biological characteristics to sandy grass restoration, further research should be carried out on vegetation restoration measures, recovery effects and restoration mechanisms. Future research should be focused on exploring vegetation restoration models with ecological and economic benefits. Extensive studies on integration of comprehensive treatment technology should be carried out in sandy grassland according to their different degradation characteristics.
Keywords:sandy grassland, enclosure, mechanical sand barrier, vegetation restoration technology
草地是中国陆上面积最大的生态系统,总面积约4亿公顷,占国土总面积41.7%,保护草地资源对于发展畜牧业,保障我国生态安全具有重大意义。然而,草地沙化趋势加剧已成为当前我国面临的重大问题之一〔1〕。“草地沙化”是指干早半干早、半湿润地区的草地,在自然及人为因素干扰下天然草地退化的过程。草地沙化过程中,不仅使草地植被衰退,生产力下降,还会直接导致地表土壤侵蚀加剧,营养元素流失,土质沙化,最终草地呈现出类似荒漠景观的景象〔2〕。……
