赵国柱 孙琼琼 唐惊幽 李 亮

南京农业大学工学院, 南京, 210031

基于载荷率的电动公交车再生制动控制策略

赵国柱 孙琼琼 唐惊幽 李 亮

南京农业大学工学院, 南京, 210031

为提高城市电动公交车再生制动能量回收效率，针对城市电动公交车日常运输载重变化显著的特点，提出了一种基于不同载荷率的再生制动控制策略。建立了不同载重情况下电动公交车的行车制动系前后轴制动力分配系数优化模型，运用遗传算法求出了空载、半载、满载情况下的最优制动力分配系数，并根据优化后的制动力分配系数对再生制动力进行了控制。为验证控制策略的有效性，在电动汽车仿真软件ADVISOR2002平台上进行了仿真分析。结果表明：与制动力分配系数无调整时相比，该策略在符合欧洲经济委员会(ECE)制动法规的前提下，显著提高了制动能回收量。

载荷率；城市电动公交车；制动力分配；再生制动控制

Abstract:To improve the regenerative braking energy recovery efficient of electric city buses, a novel braking force distribution control strategy for electric buses was proposed based on real load in view of the characteristics of electric buses that daily transport load changes significantly. The optimized mathematical model of the braking system was established. Firstly, optimized braking force distribution coefficients under the circumstances of full-load and no load were acquired by adopting the genetic algorithm. Then braking force distributions were controlled based on the optimized braking force distribution coefficients. New control strategy was added in ADVISOR2002 to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy. The simulation results reveal that compared with the primary control strategy where braking force distribution coefficients were invariable, the proposed strategy may improve the recovery of regenerative braking energy significantly on the premise of economic commission of Europe(ECE) braking regulations.

Keywords:rate of loading; electric city bus; braking force distribution; regenerative braking control

0 引言

再生制动是电动汽车节能的重要途径之一[1-2]，城市工况下车辆制动频繁，再生制动节能效果尤其明显。再生制动力的制动能力因受多种因素约束而有限[3]，因此当请求的制动强度较大时，仍需机械制动系参与制动，从而形成机电混合制动系统，该系统有串联式与并联式两种基本控制策略[4]。串联式控制策略制动能回收率高，适于各种驱动形式的汽车[5]，但其控制系统复杂，技术难度大[6]；并联式的特点是结构简单、工作可靠，系统中机械制动系没有变化[7-8]，制动时，再生制动力与机械制动力按固定比例分配，当再生制动失效时，机械制动系仍可保证制动安全性，由此，在目前城市电动客车的开发研究中常被采用。……