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煤热解制油和油页岩制油技术评述与比较分析

2017-10-16曾帅周怀荣钱宇

化工学报 2017年10期

曾帅,周怀荣,钱宇

(华南理工大学化学与化工学院,广东 广州 510640)

煤热解制油和油页岩制油技术评述与比较分析

曾帅,周怀荣,钱宇

(华南理工大学化学与化工学院,广东 广州 510640)

近年来,以煤热解为龙头制燃料油和油页岩制燃料油作为战略储备能源生产路线得到了快速的发展。评述和比较了典型煤热解制油与油页岩制油技术。对比分析表明:生产每吨燃料油,需消耗11.4 t低阶煤或24.5 t油页岩。煤热解制油水耗是油页岩制油的1.4倍。经济方面,煤热解制油和油页岩制油投资分别为6510和5716元/吨燃料油;生产成本分别为3887和4217元/吨燃料油;通过计算不同原料价格下相对于国际原油价格的盈亏平衡点,得出煤热解制油和油页岩制油的盈亏平衡点分别在59~68 USD·bbl−1和71~76 USD·bbl−1之间变化。煤热解制油和油页岩制油路线各有优劣,仍需完善相关技术和延伸产业链,可从干馏炉、系统集成、综合利用、多联产等方面寻求突破。

煤;油页岩;热解;燃料油;技术经济分析

Abstract:Recently,coal pyrolysis to liquid (CPTL) process and oil shale to liquid (STL) process have developed rapidly for the strategic reserve of energy.This paper reviews major technologies of CPTL and STL process,then compares the two processes from aspects of techno-economic.Result shows that CPTL process consumes 11.4 tonnes low-rank coal per tonne fuel oil while STL process needs 24.5 tonnes oil shale correspondingly; meanwhile,water consumption of CPTL process is 1.4 times than that of STL process.Economic performance shows that the total capital investment of CPTL process is 6510 CNY·t−1fuel oil while STL process is 5716 CNY·t−1fuel oil;however,the production cost of CPTL process is 3887 CNY·t−1fuel oil while STL process costs 4217 CNY·t−1fuel oil; also,calculating results indicate that the break-even crude oil price of CPTL process and STL process fluctuate at 59—68 USD·bbl−1and 71—76 USD·bbl−1separately.Generally speaking,it is necessary to improve and consummate relevant techniques or prolong downstream industrial chain,we can seek a breakthrough from retorting,system integration,comprehensive utilization and poly-generationetc.

Key words:coal; oil shale; pyrolysis; fuel oil; techno-economic analysis

引 言

“富煤、缺油、少气”的能源资源禀赋,使得我国油气资源严重依赖进口。《国内外油气行业发展报告》数据显示2015年度我国石油对外依存度已突破60%[1],而《BP世界能源展望(2016版)》预测到 2035年中国石油对外依存度将攀升至76%[2]。我国汽车产业发展迅猛,使运输燃料汽柴油需求快速增长,加剧了石油供需矛盾。因此,拓展石油替代路线是缓解我国石油供需矛盾的有效途径之一。

目前,我国正积极寻找石油替代路线生产燃料油。石油替代路线包括煤、油页岩等原料路线。……

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