赖登国，战金辉，陈兆辉，韩振南，武荣成，许光文,

（1中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室，北京 100190；2沈阳化工大学能源与化工产业技术研究院，辽宁 沈阳 110142；3清华大学化学工程系，北京 100084）

内构件移动床固体热载体油页岩热解技术

赖登国1，战金辉1，陈兆辉3，韩振南2，武荣成1，许光文1,2

（1中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室，北京 100190；2沈阳化工大学能源与化工产业技术研究院，辽宁 沈阳 110142；3清华大学化学工程系，北京 100084）

从化学反应工程角度分析了小颗粒油页岩热解技术存在的共性问题和初级热解与二次反应的关系，提出了定向调控热解产物流动及其与挥发分反应匹配的方法。针对小颗粒油页岩热解制备高收率和高品质页岩油的技术需求，创新性地提出了内构件移动床固体热载体油页岩热解技术，通过内构件调控热解挥发分在反应器内的流动，实现热解油气原位过滤除尘和选择性裂解提质，以解决现有固体热载体热解技术长期面临的所产页岩油中含尘量高、重质组分高和油收率低等问题。建立了10 kg·h−1内构件移动床固体热载体油页岩热解模式装置，验证了新工艺的可行性和先进性，展示出良好的技术应用前景。

油页岩；热解；二次反应；内构件；移动床；固体热载体

Abstract:From a chemical reaction engineering point of view,the relationship between primary pyrolysis and secondary reactions of small-size oil shale pyrolysis technologies was analyzed.A novel method was proposed to regulate pyrolysis volatiles to flow in an expected direction and to match their secondary reactions to flow/transfer fields in the reactor.A new technology of solid heat carrier pyrolysis was further developed on moving bed reactor with particularly designed internals to overcome challenges for small-size oil shale pyrolysis,including low oil yield,high contents of dust,and heavy components.In such internal-structured moving bed reactor,pyrolysis volatiles flew laterally across particle bed in order to realize in-bed dust removalviafiltering andin-situoil upgrade through ash-involved selective secondary reactions.A 10 kg·h−1laboratory setup built to assess the new solid heat carrier pyrolysis technology adopting internal-structured moving bed showed shale oil product at high yield and high quality from small-size oil shale.The results presented a good application prospective of the proposed pyrolysis reactor and process.

Key words:oil shale; pyrolysis; secondary reactions; internals; moving bed; solid heat carrier

引 言

我国煤炭资源丰富，油气资源短缺，是世界上少数几个以煤炭为主要消费能源的国家。我国石油资源短缺问题已成为制约我国国民经济和社会可持续发展的瓶颈因素之一[1]。……