蝎毒素药用价值研究进展
2017-09-23吴文澜李钟杰李军波梁菊
吴文澜 李钟杰 李军波 梁菊
[摘要] 传统中药采用全蝎及其毒液来治疗多种疑难杂症已有千年的历史,其主要药用活性成分来自蝎毒液的多肽和酶,特别是含量丰富的神经毒素多肽(俗称蝎毒素)。随着现代研究的深入,越来越多的毒液多肽成分逐渐从不同蝎种中分离出来,为新的药物设计与开发提供了众多的候选多肽分子。在神经、免疫、感染、心血管、肿瘤等方面疾病中,蝎毒液及其多肽成分都具有良好的治疗效果。此外,由于独特的结构与功能,蝎毒素也常作为分子骨架用于开发新的特异性药物。该文有针对性地阐述了具有良好药用前景的蝎毒素药理活性及其作用机制,为相关药物的进一步开发提供数据基础。
[关键词] 蝎毒液; 神经毒素; 疾病; 功能; 药用价值
Research progress on medicinal values of scorpion venom components
WU Wenlan1, LI Zhongjie1, LI Junbo2, LIANG Ju2*
(1. Medical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
2. Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China)
[Abstract] For thousands of years, scorpions and their venoms have been applied in traditional medicine in China to treat a variety of difficult miscellaneous diseases. The venom is a complex mixture of bioactive molecules, such as peptides and proteins (e.g. neurotoxins). Among them, neurotoxins (named scorpion toxins) are the most important bioactive components. Up to now, more and more characterized venom components have been isolated from different scorpions, providing numerous candidate molecules for drug design and development. Many investigations have shown the potent effects of venom or its components against the nervous, immune, infection, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. Moreover, the scorpion toxins could be used as molecular backbone to develop new specific drugs based on their unique structures and functions. In this review, we focus on the medicinal values and the possible mechanisms of scorpion toxins with promising medicinal prospect against the relative diseases, providing the data basis for further development of relative drugs.
[Key words] scorpion venom; neurotoxin; disease; function; medicinal value
蝎隸属于节肢动物门(Arthropods)蛛形纲(Arachnids)蝎目(Scorpiones),作为地球上最古老的物种之一,已有4亿多年的进化史[13]。迄今为止,世界上已有记录的蝎共2 222种,分属16科210属。在我国除了黑龙江、吉林、贵州、湖南、江西、浙江和广东等少数几个省尚无蝎目报道外,其他各省均有野生蝎分布。目前我国已有记录的蝎共53种(含6亚种),分属5科12属[4]。传统中药采用全蝎及其毒液来治疗多种疑难杂症已有一千多年的历史。较早见于公元935—960年五代后蜀韩保升的《蜀本草》,此后《本草纲目》进一步描述了蝎的药用价值,所记载的就是在我国广泛分布的东亚钳蝎Mesobuthus martensii Karsch(又名Buthus martensii Karsch,BmK)。其药用功能为息风镇痉、通络止痛、攻毒散结,主治肝风内动、痉挛抽搐、小儿惊风、中风口、半身不遂、破伤风、风湿顽痹、偏正头痛、疮疡、瘰疬[5]。……
