程水清

摘 要：在环境监测过程中，水污染问题一直备受关注。该文以农业生产中产生的废弃物玉米秸秆为原料，采用限氧控温炭化法制得生物炭，研究其吸附废水中铜离子的性能，考察了生物炭投加量、振荡时间、铜离子初始浓度、以及初始pH值对吸附效果的影响，并作正交实验。实验结果表明：出玉米秸秆生物质炭吸附去除废水中铜离子是可行的；正交试验得出玉米秸秆生物炭吸附铜离子的影响因素大小为振荡时间>pH>初始浓度>投加量，最佳水平组合为振荡时间为3h、投加量为0.6g、铜离子初始浓度为10mg/L、pH为6.3，去除率可达95.5%。

关键词：玉米秸秆；生物炭；吸附；含铜废水；环境监测

中图分类号 X703 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2017）17-0078-04

Abstract：In the process of environmental monitoring，the problem of water pollution has attracted much attention. The biochar derived from corn straw via carbonization process was used to remove from Cu（II） aqueous solutions. The effects of biochar dosage，oscillation time，initial concentration of Cu（II） and initial pH value on adsorption efficiency were studied. And the best reaction condition was investigated by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the biochar derived from corn straw to removal of Cu（II）from wastewater by adsorption is feasible. The order of different influencing factors are as follows：oscillation time>initial pH value>initial concentration>dosage. The optimum adsorption conditions were obtained through the orthogonal experimental design：adsorption time was 3h，the adding amount was 0.6g，initial concentration was 10mg/L and initial pH value was 6.3. The removal rate could reach to 95.5% at the optimum condition.

Key words：Corn straw；Biochar；adsorbent；Copper wastewater；Environmental monitoring

随着人类科技的进步，工业的快速崛起，越来越多的重金属元素以各种各样的形式随工业废水进入地球生态环境系统，这些废水对人类、动植物生存及健康产生极其严重的威胁。工业废水中的重金属来源很广，其危害的持久性，无害降解的难度大，极其容易在动植物體内富集[1]。铜元素是重金属废水中最主要的一种，其主要来源包括：印染工艺，农药的生产合成，加工橡胶，电镀和采矿等行业，这些未经处理的含铜废水直接排入水体，会严重危害水生态环境，降低水体质量，对人类身体健康而言是一个重大隐患。因此对含铜废水的治理是污水处理的一大重点。目前，对于含铜废水的处理方法主要有化学沉淀法[2]、离子交换法[3]、电解法[4]、生物处理法[5]、膜分离法[6]、吸附法[7]。