姜洪+罗兰+刘兆良+孙娟+袁忠林

摘 要：该文调查了山东省青岛地区苜蓿田节肢动物群落的组成及变化情况，采用模糊聚类法和最优分割法对苜蓿田节肢动物群落、害虫群落和天敌群落的时间和数量动态进行了研究。结果表明，苜蓿田节肢动物群落随时间有明显的差异性和规律性。节肢动物群落可以聚为4类，害虫群落可聚类5类，天敌群落可聚为4类，并且分析了各类群落的特征。最优分割法将田间节肢动物群落划分为4月，5月，6月，7月上旬至8月上旬，8月中旬至9月下旬，10月上旬至10月中旬，10月下旬7个阶段；害虫群落划分为4月，5月上旬至5月中旬，5月下旬至7月上旬，7月中旬至8月中旬，8月下旬至9月中旬，9月下旬至10月中旬，10月下旬7个阶段；天敌群落划分为4月上旬至6月上旬，6月中旬至9月下旬，10月上旬至10月下旬3个阶段，并对各时间段内的害虫与天敌的发生特点进行了分析。

关键词：苜蓿田；节肢动物群落；模糊聚类；最优分割

中图分类号 S476 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2017）17-0063-07

Abstract：The composition and variation of arthropod community in alfalfa field was investigated in Qingdao.The temporal and quantitative dynamics of arthropod community，communities of pests and natural enemies were studied using the fuzzy clustering and optimal cut apart methods. The results showed that the arthropod community had obvious difference with time and regularity in alfalfa field.The arthropod community，community of pests and natural enemies could be grouped into 4，5 and 4 clusters respectively，which each cluster's species and quantitative features were analyzed. The optimal cut apart could divide the arthropod community into 7 stages：April，May，June，early July to early August，middle August to late September，early to middle October，and late October. The community of pests could be divided into 7 stages：April，early to middle May，late May to early July，middle July to middle August，late August to middle September，late September to middle October，and late October. The community of natural enemies could be divided into：early April to early June，middle June to late September，early to late October.And the characteristics of pests and natural enemies in each time stage were analyzed.

Key words：Alfalfa field；Arthropod community；Fuzzy clustering；Optimization cut apart

害虫综合治理是以生态学为依据，强调诸如天敌、气候等自然致死因素，并寻求对这些自然因素影响尽可能小的防治技术，以达到控制害虫的目的[1]。生物群落研究是农田生态系统研究中最为活跃的领域，农田节肢动物群落的研究为探索害虫暴发的生态学机理和制定科学合理的综合防治措施奠定了基础。有关生物群落结构与动态方面的研究很多，如在果树[2-13]、蔬菜[14-19]、大田作物[20-24]等方面均有很多报导，这些研究在了解群落组成、结构、特征、动态规律等基础上，為充分利用自然因素，尤其是天敌对害虫的控制作用起到了重要作用。……