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锅炉水冷壁立向下自动仿形堆焊技术

2017-09-20杨凤君

机械制造文摘·焊接分册 2017年2期

杨凤君

摘要: 根据锅炉水冷壁的结构特点,开发了水冷壁表面自动堆焊设备。设备采用仿形技术,通过脉冲MIG摆动向下立焊完成锅炉水冷壁生产及修复。仿形技术保证了堆焊过程中焊枪嘴与焊接工件表面距离不变。确保电弧长恒定、焊丝伸出长度一致;工艺参数稳定,焊接表面成形好。生产实践证明该自动堆焊设备在锅炉水冷壁焊接生产修复中收到良好效果。是一种稳定、高效、低成本的锅炉水冷壁焊接专用设备。

关键词: 水冷壁; 仿形; 向下立焊; 自动堆焊

中图分类号: TK226+

Abstract: The automatic surfacing equipment is developed according to the structure characteristic of boiler water wall.Profiling technology and the pulse MIG swing and vertical down welding are adopted to weld and repair tube of the boiler water wall.The distance between the welding nozzle and the surface of tube is constant because of the profiling. The length of arc and the wire is constant.The equipment that has good effect in welding production repair of boiler water wall has been proved. It is a special equipment of stable, efficiency and low cost.

Key words: boiler water wall; profile modeling; vertical down welding; automatic surfacing

0 前言

锅炉水冷壁是锅炉的主要受热部件,它是由钢管加扁钢鳍片焊制而成。锅炉水冷壁分布在锅炉炉膛的四周,钢管的内部为流动着水或蒸汽[1]。工作时水冷壁管吸收炉膛中高温火焰和烟气的辐射热量起着热交换及降低炉墙温度保护炉墙作用。水冷壁是锅炉炉墙的重要结构件、受压件,蒸发的受热面。它提高了炉膛密封性及燃料热利用率。由于工作条件恶劣,管壁温度周期性的热交变应力极易引起疲劳破坏。水冷壁受到高温颗粒氧化腐蚀和冲蚀磨损极易减薄而造成局部鼓包、胀粗、变形、爆管等问题[2]。针对这些问题国内外常见水冷壁管修复方法有管段更换、热喷焊、堆焊等。

1 水冷壁结构及堆焊特点

锅炉水冷壁是布置在炉膛四周起炉壁作用,水冷壁管与管之间距离小,一般两管间距为5~20 mm,管径较细通常在40~80mm,而且管间有鳍片及管卡相互制约,表面呈小圆弧状。……

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