肖正利++周丹

摘要：在对湖北省远安县苦槠天然林群落调查的基础上，分析了该地群落物种组成、物种多样性等群落结构特征，拟为森林培育、造林树种选择及天然林资源保护等提供科学依据。结果表明：苦槠天然林群落物种多样性丰富，苦槠处于主要竞争地位，树种优势明显；乔、灌、草（藤）层次分明，现有苦槠群落处于针阔混交林向常绿阔叶与落叶混交林过渡阶段，并有向优势种继续发展的趋势；群落稳定性较强，更新良好，处于旺盛生长阶段。

关键词：苦槠；群落；结构特征；远安县

中图分类号：S718.54+；S718.3文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-3020（2017）04-0006-05

Community Structure Characteristics

of Natural Forests Castanopsis sclerophylla of Yuan'an County

Xiao Zhengli（1）Zhou Dan （2）

（1.Yuan'an County Forestry Bureau in Yichang City of Hubei ProvinceYichang444200；2.Yiling County Forestry Bureau in Yichang City of Hubei ProvinceYichang443100）

Abstract： Based on the investigation of the natural forest community of Castanopsis sclerophylla in Yuan'an County of Hubei Province， the species composition，community structures and other structure characteristics were analyzed to provide scientific basis for forest cultivation，selection of afforestation species and the protection of natural forest resources. The results showed that there were abundant species diversity in C.sclerophylla community， which is in the main competitive position with obvious species advantages；The layers of arbors， shrubs and herbages （liane） could be distinguished clearly，there are C.sclerophylla communities in the transitional phase from the theropencedrymion to the evergreen broadleaf forest，mixed deciduous forest， and there is a tendency to continue to develop towards dominant species； The stability of the C.sclerophylla community is strong with good update，and it is in the vigorous growth stage.

Key words：Castanopsis sclerophylla；community；structure characteristic；Yuan'an

苦櫧（Castanopsis sclerophylla），为壳斗科，锥属乔木，常绿阔叶树种，广布于长江以南各省区，分布长江沿线，号称标志长江南北地区的“分界树” [1]，高5～10 m，稀达15 m，观赏价值高，抗CO2等有毒气体，可用于园林绿化；苦槠树叶为厚革质，兼有防风、避火作用，鲜叶可耐425 ℃的高温度，是很好的防火树种之一；苦槠果实外表与板栗类似，种仁富含淀粉，浸水脱涩后可制成苦槠粉、苦槠豆腐、苦槠粉丝、苦槠粉皮、苦槠糕，是防暑降温的佳品[2]；苦槠木材浅黄色或黄白色，结构致密、纹理直，富有弹性，耐湿抗腐，是珍贵的工业用材树种，为上等材；苦槠的枝丫为优良的食用菌培养材料[3]。

1研究区域自然概况

研究区域位于湖北省远安县茅坪场镇白云村区域，为长江一级支流漳河流域边缘，生态地位十分重要，属远安县国有大堰林场范围，东经111°46′38″，北纬31°15′44″，海拔160～818 m，是国家天然林资源保护工程实施县之一，天然林休养生息和恢复重要保护地，范围内天然林群落结构完整，物种多样性丰富。……