等离子体诊断用成像型软X射线三色谱仪设计
2017-09-12贺亚男李亚冉穆宝忠
贺亚男 李亚冉 穆宝忠
摘要:
围绕激光惯性约束聚变研究中内爆靶丸的辐射流诊断需求,设计了一种兼顾空间成像功能的三色软X射线谱仪。该谱仪的设计中心能点为210 eV、680 eV和800 eV,能谱分辨率E/ΔE为5~10。采用X射线掠入射光学结构,实现了三个能点的一维聚焦成像,在1 mm视场内空间分辨率优于10 μm。采用X射线周期多层膜,获得了三个能区的能谱响应,多层膜测试结果满足设计要求。以光学设计和多层膜为基础,建立了系统的光线追迹模型,分析了可控的空间位置误差和瞄准误差对系统光谱分辨和空间分辨的影响,为装调方案及瞄准方法设计提供了精度依据。该谱仪与条纹相机结合,可用于我国强激光装置上的等离子体诊断实验。
关键词:
三色谱仪; X射线多层膜; 掠入射成像; 等离子体诊断
中图分类号: TH 744文献标志码: Adoi: 10.3969/j.issn.10055630.2017.04.012
Abstract:
In inertial confinement fusion,a large part of the incoming laser energy is radiated into soft Xrays.To determine both the shape of this spectrum and the conversion efficiency,we have designed a tricolor soft Xray spectrometer with the imaging features.The spectrometer operates at 210 eV,680 eV and 800 eV.Energy resolution of the spectrometer is E/ΔE≈510.The reflective surfaces with a grazing incidence achieve a higher spatial resolution in the tangential direction.The spatial resolution is better than 10 μm within 1 mm field of view.Based on the optical design and multilayers principle,ray tracing model is established.By ray tracing simulation,this paper analyzes the influence of the spatial position errors and alignment errors on the spectral resolution and spatial resolution,which is provided with adjustable design and targeting accuracy.The time evolution of the hohlraum in multiple Xray energy bands can be acquired when coupled with an Xray streak camera,which can be used for plasma diagnosis experiments of highpower laser facilities in China.
Keywords:
tricolor spectrometer; Xray multilayers; grazing incidence imaging; plasma diagnostics
引言
在慣性约束聚变中,激光等离子体能辐射出能量从百eV到几十keV的X射线,其中小于1 keV的软X射线是目前诊断的重点。通过对软X射线的光谱诊断,可以获得等离子体的电子温度、电子密度、不透明度等[13]重要信息。根据分光元件不同,用于等离子体光谱诊断的仪器主要有Dante谱仪、滤片X射线二极管阵列谱仪、弯晶谱仪、多层膜谱仪以及光栅谱仪。Dante谱仪于1983年开始应用于美国OMEGA强激光装置,该谱仪采用单层膜平面镜加滤片的方式实现了对100~600 eV的X射线脉冲的光谱测量,能量分辨率(E/ΔE)约为3~5,时间分辨率约为20 ps[47]。我国神光Ⅱ升级装置使用的滤片X光二极管阵列谱仪……
