杨茹心+吴剑峰+马芳菲

摘要：对云龙湖黄苇鳽（Ixobrychus sinensis）的筑巢、产卵、孵化进行了研究，并测定了黄苇鳽雏鸟阶段的几个生长指标。结果表明，黄苇鳽的筑巢期从5月下旬至6月下旬，巢用水烛叶织，并营建于水烛丛中上部；巢底距离水面1.16±0.29 m，巢-岸距离10.7±3.87 m，巢-敞水区距离2.25±1.01 m；同域巢间距平均为37.5 m；巢深4.0±0.9 cm，巢内面积161.1±48.1 cm2；窝卵数4.6±0.9个，卵体积6.75±0.51 cm3，卵重9.41±0.73 g；窝卵数与总卵重呈正相关，窝卵数与巢内面积相关性不显著，窝总卵重与巢内面积相关性也不显著；孵化期为15～18 d，孵化率约为82%；各项形体指标随发育日龄而增长，其中翅长增长较快。

关键词：黄苇鳽（Ixobrychus sinensis）；筑巢；产卵；孵化；雏鸟生长

中图分类号：Q958.8 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）15-2916-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.15.030

Abstract： The nesting， laying and hatching of bittern（Ixobrychus sinensis） in Yun-long lake were observed， to measure several growth indexes at the nestling stage. The results showed that the nesting period of bittern was from the end of May to the end of June. Nests were weave by the leaves of rush， and built on the middle and upper part of rushes. The bottom of the nest was 1.16±0.29 m distant from the water surface， the nest was 10.7±3.87 m distant from shore， the nest was 2.25±1.01 m distant from open water. The average distance between the two nests at the same home range was 37.5 m. The nest deep was 4.0±0.9 cm， and the nest inner-area was 161.1±48.1 cm2. The clutch size was 4.6±0.9， the egg size was 6.75±0.51 cm3， and the egg mass was 9.41±0.73 g. The clutch size and the clutch mass was positively correlated， the clutch size and the nest inner-area wasn't positively correlated， the clutch mass and the nest inner-area wasn't positively correlated too. The incubation period was 15～18 d， and hatching rate was about 82%. With the days， the various shape indexes increased， and the wings length grew faster gradually than others.

Key words： Ixobrychus sinensis； nesting； laying； hatching； nestlings growth

黃苇鳽（Ixobrychus sinensis）又称黄斑苇鳽，隶鹳形目鹭科苇鳽属，是东亚及南亚的区域性鸟类，也是中国中、东部地区的季节性湿地鸟类（在多数地区为夏候鸟，在华南部分地区为留鸟）[1-5]。黄苇鳽虽为广布种，但其数量不多，且一般隐匿于挺水植物丛中而不易被发现，至今有关黄苇鳽繁殖生态及雏鸟生理的研究很少[6-12]。黄苇鳽在徐州市云龙湖已有多年稳定的分布[13，14]，适合作为湿地环境状况的主要监测对象之一。2014年和2016年，对云龙湖黄苇鳽的繁殖状况开展较为系统的调查研究，其结果可为湿地环评提供科学依据，并据此为该地区环境监测提出进一步的建议。

1 研究地概况

云龙湖（34°24′46″N，117°14′98″E）是国家5A级景区，一面临城三面环山，水域面积7.5 km2，沿岸多处长有芦苇（Phragmites australis）、芦竹（Arundo donax）、水烛（蒲草，Typha angustifolia）、再力花（Thalia dealbata）、莲（Nelumbo nucifera）等挺水植物。

2 调查方法

2.1 调查区域

按预设线路观察黄苇鳽的活动区域，摸底后确定将调查点设在植被覆盖面积大于40 m2的9个区域（样点）。……