陈金磊+沈宝涛+杨柏云

摘要：以油茶（Camellia oleifera Abel.）芽苗作砧木，研究了不同基因型（红露珍、十八学士、四面景）、植物生长调节剂（IBA、2，4-D、NAA）接口处理、封口方式（铝箔、封口膜）、嫁接部位（上胚轴、芽苗根）等处理对嫁接茶花（Camellia japonica）成活率的影响。结果表明，不同基因型对成活率有极显著影响，其中红露珍成活率最高，达到70.00%；植物生长调节剂处理与对照相比，未能有效提高成活率，其中NAA处理成活率最高，达到71.73%，但与对照间无显著差异；而IBA和2，4-D处理后的成活率反而降低了，分别为61.33%和35.13%，究其原因可能与植物生长调节剂浓度和处理时间有关；不同的封口方式对成活率有极显著影响，铝箔与封口膜的成活率分别为61.60%和35.53%；上胚轴成活率显著高于芽苗根，分别为73.00%和61.93%。试验结果可作为提高油茶芽苗根接茶花成活率的借鉴和依据。

关键词：茶花（Camellia japonica）；油茶（Camellia oleifera Abel.）；根接；成活率

中图分类号：S794.4；S685.14 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）15-2904-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.15.027

Abstract： Taking Camellia oleifera Abel. seedlings as stocks， the effects of different treatments including different genotypes（C. japonica Hongluzhen， C. japonica Shibaxueshi， C. japonica Simianjing）， auxin（IBA， 2，4-D， NAA） interface processing， binding methods（aluminum foil， sealing film）， grafting part（epicotyl， seedling root） processing， on the survival rate of Camellia grafting using Camellia oleifera shoot roots were studied. The results showed that， the survival rate was significantly affected by different genotypes， and the survival rate of C. japonica Hongluzhen was the highest for 70.00%； Compared with the contrast， the auxin treatment couldnt effectively raise the survival rate， and the the survival rate of NAA treatment was the highest for 71.73%， but there was no difference between NAA treatment and the contrast； The survival rate of IBA treatment and 2，4-D treatment was 61.33% and 35.13% respectively， compared with the contrast， their survival rate decreased， the reason may be related to the concentration and processing time of auxin； The different binding methods had extremely significant impact on the survival rate， and the survival rate of aluminum foil and sealing film was 61.60% and 35.53% respectively. As for different grafting part， the survival rate of epicotyls and seedling root was 73.00% and 61.93% respectively， and there was significant difference between them. The experiment results can provide reference and basis for improving the survival rate of grafting C. japonica using C. oleifera shoot roots.

Key words： Camellia japonica； Camellia oleifera Abel.； root grafting； survival rate

茶花（Camellia japonica）是山茶科山茶屬植物，中国十大名花之一，亦属于世界名贵花木，已有一千多年栽培历史，品种极多[1]。其树形优美，花朵艳丽，色彩缤纷，花期长达1～4个月，不论是用于家庭盆栽观赏还是庭院和园林美化，都深受人们喜爱。

油茶（Camellia oleifera Abel.）属山茶属植物，是直根系树种，主根发达，愈合能力强，适宜用作茶花嫁接砧木[2]。目前茶花异砧嫁接的常用方法有插皮接、劈接、腹接等，但这些方法仅适合高位换接、树姿整形，不具备大规模繁殖的能力[3]。扦插也是常用规模化无性繁殖的方式之一，但扦插苗根系不发达，抗旱能力差，存活后生长速度慢[4]。……