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树轮地貌学方法在坡面土壤侵蚀调查中的应用

2017-09-09程林李庆辰王艳霞

湖北农业科学 2017年15期

程林+李庆辰+王艳霞

摘要:通过对树根解剖法的综合分析,提出了基于全树龄的坡面土壤侵蚀调查方法。利用该方法,选择河北省涞源县、兴隆县两地作为典型调查点,对河北省环首都山地的坡面土壤侵蚀进行了调查,探讨了树龄分析法在不同地貌部位、不同岩性、不同树种条件下土壤侵蚀研究的可行性。结果表明,利用全树龄分析方法所取得的坡面水土流失数据与RUSLE模型具有一定的可比性,而且基于全树龄的树轮地貌学方法对研究区土壤侵蚀情况的时空变化特征具有更强的指示性和分辨率,实用性更高。

关键词:树轮地貌学;土壤侵蚀速率;树龄分析法;河北省环首都山地

中图分类号:X4;Q948.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)15-2850-06

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.15.014

Abstract: Through comprehensive analyzing of the root anatomical methods, this paper puts forwards a method based on whole-tree age analyzing. By the whole-tree age analyzing based method, the rate of Hebei Mountain around Beijing was investigated, taking Laiyuan and Xinglong as a representative. Through investigating, the feasibility of whole-tree age analyzing based method on slope soil erosion under different geomorphology, lithology and tree species was explored. The results showed that the investigating date was in agreement with the RUSLE model. Besides, the whole-tree age analyzing based method has a higher indicative effect and resolution in the temporal and spatial variation of slope soil erosion research in Hebei.

Key words: dendrogeomorphological methods; soil erosion rate of slope; whole-tree age analyzing based method; Hebei Mountains around Beijing

土壤侵蚀速率的研究方法包括模型法、地球化学方法、水文学方法、测量学方法[1]等。其中模型法应用较广泛的有土壤通用流失模型(USLE)[2]、修正通用土壤流失模型(RUSLE)[3]等,在缓坡上应用效果较好,在中国部分陡坡侵蚀区域,其适用性仍需进一步探讨[4,5]。地球化学方法主要是通过同位素分析或稀土元素示踪等途径来测定一定时间段或坡段的土壤侵蚀速率。其中,同位素示踪分析方法(如137Cs等)主要反映核尘埃产生以来的土壤侵蚀情况;稀土元素示踪法多用于研究特殊地貌区的相对侵蚀量[1],且工作效率较低[6]。水文学观测方法基于多年水文泥沙观测资料[7],但泥沙资料缺乏溶解质及推移质泥沙信息,计算结果在反映坡面侵蚀总量方面存在一定误差。……

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