上海市松江区小学生跌倒伤害的影响因素调查
2017-09-06黄丽妹陈秀芹马慧芬
黄丽妹+陈秀芹+马慧芬
摘要:目的 了解松江区小学生跌倒伤害发生现状,探讨小学生跌倒伤害的影响因素。
方法 采用整群抽样和系统抽样方法,抽取松江区4家小学4 880名小學生为研究对象,调查小学生跌倒发生现状及影响因素。
结果 松江区小学生跌倒伤害发生率为7.97%。影响小学生跌倒伤害发生的危险因素为运动时未佩戴护具(OR=2.148, 95%CI:1.044~4.422)、不留意警示牌(OR=1.858, 95%CI:1.151~2.999)、小区无警示标志(OR=1.393, 95%CI:1.117~1.738);保护因素为女生(OR=0.760, 95%CI:0.614~0.940)、家庭收入较高(OR=0.675, 95%CI:0.511~0.892)、住所无致跌因素(OR=0.759, 95%CI:0.603~0.957)。
结论 跌倒伤害严重影响松江区小学生健康,给家庭、社会带来沉重负担。应针对小学生跌倒伤害影响因素及早开展干预控制。
关键词: 影响因素; 跌倒伤害; 小学生; 松江区中图分类号: R 179 文献标志码: A
Abstract: Objective To investigate the situation of pupils falling injury in Songjiang District, and explore the influencing factors.
Methods Cluster sampling method and systematic sampling method were used to select 4880 pupils from 4 primary schools in Songjiang District; the situation and the influencing factors of pupils falling injury were surveyed.
Results The incidence rate of pupils falling injury in primary schools of Songjiang District was 7.97%. The risk factors of pupils falling injury were exercising without protective clothing (OR=2.148, 95%CI:1.044~4.422),ignoring warning signs(OR=1.858, 95%CI:1.151~2.999) and no warning signs set up in community(OR=1.393, 95%CI:1.117~1.738); and protective factors were female(OR=0.760, 95%CI:0.614 ~0.940), higher household income(OR=0.675, 95%CI:0.511~0.892), no falling injury causes in house(OR=0.759, 95%CI:0.603~0.957).
Conclusion Falling injury severely affects pupils health in Songjiang District, which brings heavy burden to both family and society. Intervention and control of pupils falling injury should be done as soon as possible in relation to the influencing factors.
Keywords: influencing factor; fall injury; pupil; Songjiang District
跌倒作为全人群伤害发生的首位原因,每年致42.4万人死亡,是导致非故意伤害死亡的第2位原因,仅次于道路交通伤害[1]。虽然大多数跌倒相关死亡发生于成年人,但跌倒伤害是5~9岁和15~19岁年龄组的第12位死因,在15岁以下儿童中,非致死性跌倒伤害是伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)损失的第13位原因[2]。国内外调查显示,儿童跌倒伤害发生很大程度上取决于环境因素,此外,监护人监管不力也是导致儿童跌倒伤害的重要因素[2]。因此,为了解松江区小学生跌倒伤害发生情况及其影响因素,本调查以小学生及其家长为对象进行现况调查,探索影响小学生跌倒伤害发生的危险因素,为随后开展有效的学生跌倒伤害干预项目,减少学生跌倒伤害发生提供科学依据。……
