杨博宇，白中科，2，张笑然

（1.中国地质大学（北京）土地科学技术学院， 北京 100083；2.国土资源部土地整治重点实验室， 北京100035）

特大型露天煤矿土地损毁碳排放研究
——以平朔矿区为例

杨博宇1，白中科1，2，张笑然1

（1.中国地质大学（北京）土地科学技术学院， 北京 100083；2.国土资源部土地整治重点实验室， 北京100035）

研究目的：露天煤矿能源消耗产生的碳排放是主要受控排放源，对于减缓温室气体具有重要意义。研究方法：采用IPCC碳排放计算方法，确定露天煤矿区碳排放因子，构建露天煤矿区碳排放核算模型，确定直接碳排放、间接碳排放的计量模型。以平朔矿区三座大型露天煤矿为例，核算2011—2015年期间由于燃油、炸药、逸散、电力产生的碳排放。研究结果：2011—2015年期间平朔矿区三座大型露天煤矿土地损毁碳排放量高达591.21万t。燃油、爆破、逸散、电力产生的碳排放总量分别为302.60万t、 16. 30万t、 203.66万t、 68.65万t。研究结论：通过缩短运输运距、优化坑下采剥运输道路设计、提高机械使用效率、优化车铲匹配、减少电铲待装时间等措施，能够减缓大型露天煤矿土地损毁碳排放量。

土地整治；露天煤矿；土地损毁；碳排放因子；核算模型；碳排放量

Abstract:The purpose of this paper is that the carbon emissions from energy consumption in opencast mines are the main source of controlled emissions, which is meaningful for reducing greenhouse gas. The IPCC carbon emission calculation method was used to determine the carbon emission factors of opencast mine and to calculate the direct carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions from the opencast mines. Based on the three large-scale opencast coal mines in Pingshuo mine, we calculated the total carbon emissions generated from the fuel use, explosion, self dissemination and electricity production during the period of 2011—2015. The results shows that there are 5.9127 million tons carbon emissions from the three large-scale opencast mines in Pingshuo during this time. The total amount of carbon emissions generated by fuel use was about 3.02 million tons. The amount of carbon emission from blasting was about 0.16 million tons, and the carbonemission from self dissemination was about 2.04 million tons. The amount of carbon emission from electricity production was about 0.69 million tons. In conclusion, we can further reduce the carbon emissions from large-scale opencast coal mines by shortening the transportation distance, optimizing the design of pavement roadway, improving the efficiency of machinery utilization, optimizing the match of shovels and reducing the time for installing shovels. These measures will reduce the amount of carbon emissions caused by land destruction from large-scale opencast mines.

Key words:land consolidation; opencast mines; land destruction; carbon emission factors; accounting model; carbon emission

1 引言

2015年中国确定了到2030年的自主减排行动目标，即：CO2排放2030年左右达到峰值并争取尽早达到峰值；单位国内生产总值CO2排放比2005年下降60%—65%，面对如此巨大的减排压力，矿区成为国家节能减排的主要承担者。截止到2015年，中国查明煤炭资源储量为15663亿t，煤炭产量为37.5亿t，消费量为39.6亿t，千万吨级的煤矿数量有53处，煤炭产量为7.3亿t[1]。……