淮河源主要林地类型群落结构特征
2017-08-13胡洁刘国顺王晶
胡洁 刘国顺 王晶
摘要 以淮河源生态功能区为调查区域,调查了主要林地类型的群落样地,通过设置样地调查群落结构特征、林分蓄积量和株数,分析该群落的种类组成及物种的丰富度和多样性。结果表明,调查区域部分林地郁闭度高,密度大,林木成材较差;由于大面积连片种植杨树、马尾松、板栗等,造成各种病虫害的发生,由于是连片生长,造成病虫害传播快,防治困难;群落结构稳定,生态保存基本良好,尚未发现大面积生态破坏现象。
关键词 淮河源;林地類型;群落结构
中图分类号 S718.54 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)03-0182-02
Abstract The main forest type community sample plots in source of Huaihe River were investigated. By surveying community structure characteristics, the stand volume and plants, the community species composition, species richness and diversity were analyzed. The results showed that part of the forest canopy density is high, resulting in poor timber forest;there is a variety of diseases and insect pests caused by large area planting of poplars, masson pine, Chinese chestnut;plant diseases and insect pests spread fast for continuous growth, prevention and treatment is difficult;the community structure is stable, the ecological conservation is basically good, and no large area ecological destruction is found.
Key words Source of Huaihe River;Forest types;Community structure
淮河是我國五大水系之一,支流众多,全长约1 000 km,淮河源即淮河的源头区域。2001年国家环保部(原国家环保总局)将河南省信阳市10个县区及南阳桐柏县所属国土面积确定为淮河源国家重要生态功能区(简称淮河源),区域总国土面积211.09万hm2,地处河南省南部,东与安徽省接壤,西南与湖北省相连[1-5]。淮河源生态功能区属于我国重要的水源涵养区,发挥着水源涵养与土壤保持、生物多样性保护等重要的生态服务功能。笔者对淮河源主要林地类型群落结构进行调查,以期为该地区森林生态保护的可持续发展提供科学依据。
1 研究区概况
调查区域位于河南省信阳市,主要调查信阳南部山区和西部丘陵、平原区,地理区域处于113°50′~115°19′ E,32°29′~31°35′ N,属于北亚热带向暖温带过渡区[6],地形地貌为山地、平原和丘陵;日照充足,年平均气温15.1~15.3 ℃,无霜期长,平均220~230 d,降雨丰沛,年均降雨量900~1 400 mm,空气湿润,相对湿度年均77%;……
