天麻蜜环菌优良菌株筛选及评价
2017-08-13邵先强曹永直文玉朝
邵先强 曹永直 文玉朝

摘要[目的]筛选适宜天麻区域性规模化种植所需的优良蜜环菌菌株。[方法]对不同来源的3份蜜环菌菌株(gza46、sb1、wmt1)与伴有萌发菌的天麻种子进行有性繁殖伴栽试验,测定天麻产量,并比较分析其差异。[结果]天麻有性繁殖栽种6个月,蜜环菌“gza46”菌株在其产量上较“sb1”菌株具有显著差异,与“wmt1”菌株差异不显著;有性繁殖栽培18个月,蜜环菌“gza46”菌株在产量(箭麻和种麻)上与“sb1”菌株均呈显著差异,与“wmt1”菌株差异不显著,但其中的单产种麻呈显著差异,单产箭麻相当。[结论]“gza46”号蜜环菌菌株适于贵州德江县及周边地区的天麻种植。
关键词 蜜环菌菌株;筛选;评价
中图分类号 S567.3+9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)03-0131-02
Abstract[Objective] To screen out excellent Armillaria mellea strain suitable for largescale cultivation of Gastrodia elata. [Method] Three Armillaria mellea strains(gza46, sb1, wmt1) from different sources and Gastrodia elata seeds with germination bacteria were used to conduct sexual reproduction test, the yield of G. elata was determined, the differences were compared and analyzed. [Result] The test result showed that it is better Armillaria mellea gza46 than sb1 to increase the G. elatas yield after six months, but the difference is not significant between gza46 and wmt1. After 18 months, there is a same test result. [Conclusion] gza46 should be a fine strain of Armillaria mellea for G. elata in Dejiang County and surrounding area in Guizhou.
Key words Armillaria mellea; Screening; Evaluation
天麻(Gastrodia elata)為蘭科植物,由于本身是无根、无同化功能的叶片,不能直接吸收环境中的营养[1],除开花结实期外,天麻幼苗的形成、营养器官的更新以及营养生长转向生殖生长等过程都必须由蜜环菌(Armillaria mellea)来供应,没有蜜环菌天麻就不能生长[2]。但蜜环菌是蜜环菌属真菌的总称,全球报道有50余种,我国已报道了7种,该属真菌具有物种多样性特征[3]。蜜环菌来源不同其生物学特性具有差异,对天麻产量的影响也较大[4-5],且生长发育还受环境及培养菌材的限制[6]。贵州省德江县是天麻之乡,野生天麻分布广,人工天麻种植面积较大,质量好,产量高,是全国重要的天麻生产基地。因此,研究筛选出适宜德江县及周边地区天麻规模化种植所需的优良蜜环菌菌株,对提高该区域天麻生产效率、促进地方经济发展具有重要意义。……
