王颖 姜娟 刘顺国

摘要[目的]研究缓释肥料不同掺混比例和常用掺混比例减氮施肥对水稻产量和养分吸收的影响。[方法]以氮肥施用量或缓释氮肥与速效氮肥比例为处理梯度，设计田间小区试验，研究缓释肥料对水稻产量和养分吸收的影响。[结果] 等氮量条件下，含有缓释氮素的掺混肥处理明显高于普通复合肥和尿素的常规处理，增产0.46～1.13 t/hm2，增产率达5.97%～13.87%，氮肥利用率提高5.85%～11.83%。[结论]当缓释氮与速效氮掺混比例为30 ∶70时，增产率、养分吸收量和氮肥利用率均表现最佳。采用30%缓释氮后减氮10%较常规处理仍有明显增产效果，但低于同掺混比例的全氮处理。

关键词 水稻；缓释肥料；产量；肥料利用率

中图分类号 S145.6 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）03-0123-04

Abstract[Objective] To study effects of slowrelease fertilizer on yield and nutrient uptake of rice.[Method] Field plot test with application levels of nitrogen or the ratio of slowrealse nitrogen and available nitrogen was designed，and effects of slowrelease fertilizer on yield and nutrient uptake of rice were studied.[Result] The results showed that under the condition of equal amount of nitrogen，the treatment of mixed fertilizer with slowrelease nitrogen was significantly higher than that of common compound fertilizer and urea，with the yield increase quantity of 0.46～1.13 t/hm2， the increase rate of 5.97%～13.87%， nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate increased by 5.85～11.83%. [Conclusion]

When the ratio of slowrelease nitrogen and available nitrogen was 30 ∶70，yield， nutrient uptake and N use efficiency were all the best.Reducing 10% of nitrogen after 30% slowrelease nitrogen still has a significant effect on increasing yield， but lower than the same proportion of the total nitrogen treatment.

Key words Rice；Slowrelease fertilizer；Yield；Fertilizer use efficiency

水稻作為辽宁省主要粮食作物，其种植面积仅次于玉米，位于第2位。2005—2014年辽宁省水稻播种面积63.49万hm2/a，年均总产量478.3万t，平均产量为11.3 t/hm2[1-2]。随着辽宁省水稻种植规模逐年增加，为盲目追求产量，而过量施肥、不当施肥等现象日益严重，土壤理化性质、农产品品质下降，资源浪费和环境污染等问题也随之出现。缓释肥料作为高效和环境友好的新型肥料，不仅可以提高肥料利用率、节约资源成本，还可以简化施肥程序、节省人力成本，对促进增产、高效、环保施肥方式的应用具有重要意义[3]。笔者选择辽宁省有代表性的水稻产区开展了水稻包膜尿素和速效氮磷钾化肥配合施用比例与用量试验，旨在研究缓释肥料不同掺混比例和常用掺混比例减氮施肥对水稻产量和养分吸收的影响。……