张兴

摘要[目的]探究淡水、咸水、微咸水对吹填土和吹填砂的脱盐效果，筛选最佳方案。[方法]通过室内模拟，研究淡水、微咸水和咸水对吹填砂、吹填土的入渗过程、理化性质、水盐运动规律，通过用水量、脱盐时间和碱化现象等因素的影响，优化得出2种土样灌溉脱盐用水类型和方式。[结果]淡水、咸水和咸水在吹填砂脱盐过程中的入渗速率基本一致，而在吹填土的入渗速率从大到小依次为咸水、微咸水、淡水；淡水、咸水和微咸水对吹填砂脱盐前后pH的影响不明显，使吹填土pH明显上升。[结论]吹填砂使用微咸水灌溉，吹填土先咸水后微咸水进行灌溉脱盐为最经济有效的改良方案。

关键词 咸水；微咸水；吹填土；优化利用中图分类号 S273 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）03-0061-03

Abstract[Objective] To explore desalting effect of freshwater， saline water and slight saline water on hydraulic reclamation soil and hydraulic reclamation sand and screen out the optimal scheme. [Method] Through indoor simulation， effects of freshwater， slight saline water， saline water on infiltration process of hydraulic reclamation soil and hydraulic reclamation sand， physical and chemical properties， water and salt movement law， water amount， desalination timeand alkalization phenomenon were studied， two optimal types and methods of desalination were obtained. [Result] Infiltration rate of freshwater， slight saline water and saline water were basically same in desalting process of hydraulic reclamation sand， while in hydraulic reclamation soil， infiltration rate from large to small was in the order as saline water， slight saline water， freshwater； freshwater， slight saline water， saline water had no obvious effect on pH of hydraulic reclamation sand before and after desalination， however， pH in hydraulic reclamation soil was significantly improved. [Conclusion] The use of slight saline water for irrigation of hydraulic reclamation sand， first use of saline water then slight saline water for hydraulic reclamation soil is the most economical and effective improvement scheme for desalination.

Key words Saline water； Slight saline water； Hydraulic reclamation soil； Optimal utilization

合理開發利用咸水和微咸水资源已成为当今世界关注的热点问题。实践证明，经适当处理的咸水、微咸水用于农业灌溉和生态用水，不仅能有效节省宝贵的淡水资源，还具有明显的农作物增产效果和改善生态环境的作用。滨海盐碱地区，由于淡水资源匮缺，咸水和微咸水资源已成为不可或缺的特殊水资源。关于微咸水与咸水在干旱地区农业的资源化利用已有大量研究[1-9]，而有关沿海地区吹填砂和淤泥质吹填土脱盐应用方面的研究鲜见报道。笔者分析不同矿化度入渗水对吹填砂和吹填土的入渗过程、理化性质、用水量的影响， 探讨不同水质条件下吹填土水盐运移的规律，旨在为合理利用咸水、微咸水和劣质水提供参考依据。……