翁国永 陈建军 郑晨

摘要[目的] 寻找一种合适的滤料，既有利于微生物着床，又适合去除水体中的浑浊度等杂质。[方法]从地表水供水系统中采集土著菌，利用选择性培养基对锰细菌分离纯化、摇床扩大培养富集，以石英砂、陶粒、火山岩滤料为载体，采用吸附法进行固定化。[结果] 3种滤料的出水锰含量和对锰的去除率均取得较好的效果，出水锰含量符合GB/T 5749—2006生活饮用水标准。从长久的运行结果看，石英砂滤料的出水水质最佳。 [结论] 石英砂滤料具有成本低、硬度大、滤料之间空隙小等特点，作为除锰着床滤料最为理想。

关键词 滤料；除锰效果；微生物；地表水

中图分类号 X52 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）03-0055-03

Abstract[Objective] To find suitable filter material that was conductive to microbial implantation，and suitable to remove the turbidity and other impurities in the water.[Method] Microorganism was collected from the surface water supply system，then manganese bacterium was purified by selective medium and enrichment culture by shaker expansion.Manganese was immobilized by adsorption by quartz sand，ceramic，volcanic rock filter as the carrier.[Result] There was satisfied quality of removal manganese for three kinds of filter material.The manganese content of filtered water was up to standard by GB/T 5749—2006 standards for drinking water quality.In the long run，the water from quartz filtered material was best.[Conclusion] Quartz sand filter material had the characteristics of low cost，high hardness and less clearance，and is the most ideal filter material.

Key words Filter material；Manganese removal effect；Microorganism；Surface water

錳是人体主要的生理元素，在自然界分布广泛，属于高等动物不可缺少的10种微量元素之一，但吸入过量的锰会损害人体的中枢神经系统[1-2]。水体中锰含量超过饮用水标准的现象在世界各地普遍存在，锰含量超标对于人们的生活和健康、工业生产都有很大影响[3-4]。目前大部分制水厂应用强氧化剂氧化或催化氧化来去除水源水中的铁和锰，相对于生物氧化，不仅净化流程长、药剂消耗量大，而且操作复杂、制水成本昂贵[5-7]。生物除锰技术以其处理效果好、投资费用少、运行效果稳定等特点，越来越受到国内外学者的关注[8-9]。地下水除锰一直受到学者的关注和重视，张杰等[10-11]、张锡辉[12]利用天然锰砂采用自然接种方式，在滤池中培养出大量的锰细菌，取得了良好的除锰效果。……