高秆大穗型鲜食甜玉米栽培密度和优化施肥研究
2017-08-13胡春花谢良商曾建华
胡春花 谢良商 曾建华



摘要[目的]探讨适宜海南土壤类型和品种特性的鲜食甜玉米高产高效栽培技术。[方法]以高秆大穗型鲜食甜玉米新品种泰鲜甜1号为试验材料,进行不同密度、不同施肥效应的栽培试验。[结果]泰鲜甜1号在海南最适宜的种植密度在3.75 万~4.50 万株/hm2;氮、磷、钾肥的贡献顺序為氮最大,其次是磷,最后是钾;氮、磷、钾施肥量均与产量呈一元二次抛物线方程,且方程均显著;当N、P2O5、K2O为336 、160、213 kg/hm2,施肥比例为 N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.50∶0.65时,可获得最佳经济产量,此时氮、磷、钾肥的肥料利用率、肥料效益较高。[结论]该研究结果适用于高秆大穗型鲜食甜玉米品种在海南中等肥力土壤上的种植。
关键词 高秆大穗型; 甜玉米;密度;施肥;产量
中图分类号 S513 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)03-0038-04
Abstract[Objective] To explore efficient cultivation techniques that were suitable for Hainan soil type and varietal characteristic. [Method]With fresh sweet corn Thai sweet No. 1 as the experimental material, different densities, different fertilizer cultivation experiments were done.[Result] The results showed that the Thai sweet No. 1 in hainan was the most suitable planting density in 37 500-45 000 plants/hm2;The contribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash was that nitrogen was the largest, followed by phosphorus, finally was potassium;Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rate and yield presented a yuan quadratic parabolic equation, and the equations were significantly;When P2O5, K2O was 336, 160, 213 kg/hm2, fertilizer proportion of N∶P2O5∶K2O = 1.00∶0.50∶0.65, could obtain the best economic yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization rate and fertilizer efficiency was higher. [Conclusion]The research results apply for cultivation of high stalk, fresh sweet corn varieties in Hainan middle fertile soil .
Key words High stem and big ear type;Sweet corn;Density;Fertilization;Yield
鲜食甜玉米因具有籽粒香甜、营养丰富、风味独特、生长周期短、经济效益高等特点,已发展成调整农业产业结构的重要产业。海南具有独特的热带资源,非常适合甜玉米反季节生产。近年来,甜玉米种植面积不断扩大,已发展为海南西南部反季节种植的主要农作物。但在实际生产中,因品种老化、混杂、栽培技术落后等原因导致经济效益低下,需筛选出适合海南生态环境种植的高产、优质甜玉米新品种并研究其配套栽培技术,以提高該地区鲜食甜玉米生产水平,促进农业增效、农民增收。
泰鲜甜1号是广州番禺区绿色科技有限公司从泰国引进的高秆大穗型甜玉米新品种,2015年春、冬两季在海南澄迈、乐东进行的引种试验和生产试验中,该品种比对照华珍增产30%以上,其生长势强、抗性强、品质优,具有较好的市场开发前景。……
