张晨冰

摘要[目的]研究经太空诱变后薰衣草种子发芽及出苗的变异程度。[方法]以经太空诱变的薰衣草种子为试材，与未经太空诱变的种子进行发芽及出苗比较试验；同时研究了不同赤霉素浓度及不同浸种时间对太空搭载的薰衣草种子和陆地薰衣草种子发芽和出苗的影响。[结果]太空搭载的薰衣草种子较陆地薰衣草种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和出苗率均明显下降。在清水浸泡处理下，太空种子的发芽率为25.00%，发芽势为21.50%，发芽指数为1.904，分别比陆地种子降低了70.59%、74.71%和93.58%。赤霉素处理在一定程度上提高了太空種子的发芽指标，但与陆地种子相比，发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数仍较低，差异显著。不同浓度赤霉素浸泡时间对薰衣草种子发芽影响差异不显著。当赤霉素浓度为300 mg/L时，最有利于太空种子成苗。[结论]该研究为太空薰衣草育种奠定基础。

关键词 太空薰衣草种子；赤霉素；种子萌发；出苗率

中图分类号 S573 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）03-0035-03

Abstract[Objective] To study variation degree of germination and seedling of Lavandula angustifolia seeds after space flight.[Method] Lavandula angustifolia seeds treated by space flight were used as material， nonspace induced seeds were used as control， and the seeds germination ratio， germination energy， germination index were studied. At the same time， the effects of different GA3 concentrations and different soaking times on two kinds of Lavandula angustifolia seeds germination and seedling ratio were studied.[Result] The results showed that germination rate， germination index and seedling ratio of Lavandula angustifolia seeds treated by space flight were significantly lower than normal Lavandula angustifolia seeds. When both kinds of seeds were soaked by water， the germination rate， germination energy and germination index was 25.00%， 21.50% and 1.904， respectively， which was 70.59%， 74.71% and 93.58% lower than normal seeds. Gibberellin treatment increased seed germination indexes of space seed， but germination rate， germination energy and germination index were still lower of normal seeds. The differences between space seed and normal seed were significant. There was no significant difference between space seeds and mornal seed in germination indexes when treated by gibberellin with different times. The space seedling ratio was highest when the concentration of gibberellin was 300 mg/L. [Conlusion] The study lay a foundation for Lavandula angustifolia space breeding.

Key words Space lavender seeds；GA3；Seed germinaton；Seedling ratio

薰衣草（Lavandula angustifolia Mill.）又名香水植物，為唇形科薰衣草属多年生小灌木，是一种名贵的天然香料植物。薰衣草的茎和叶均可入药，有健胃、发汗、止痛之功效，薰衣草精油有镇静催眠、解痉、抗菌等作用。薰衣草蓝紫色穗状花序，可分泌花蜜，是良好的蜜源植物，花型优美，可种植于庭院中或盆栽观赏[1-2]。

我国引种薰衣草已有几十年的栽培历史，栽培技术已相对完善。但因薰衣草为自花授粉植物，栽培品种混杂，品种退化严重；出油率和香气均有所下降 [1，3]，为此，国内外研究者在利用传统育种手段对薰衣草进行提纯复壮的同时，也利用多倍体育种、基因工程育种等手段对薰衣草进行了遗传改良。……