不同播种方法对核桃播种育苗的影响
2017-08-09刘艳李柏海李林山
刘艳 李柏海 李林山



摘要 采用不同播种密度、不同覆土厚度、种子不同摆放方式,在湖南省森林植物园对核桃进行播种育苗试验。结果表明,采用不同覆土厚度和种子不同摆放方式,核桃的播种发芽率差异极显著。播种密度为10 cm×30 cm时核桃播种发芽率最高,平均发芽率达到73%;采用种尖向一侧摆放方式时核桃播种发芽率最高,平均發芽率达到73%;覆土厚度为6 cm时核桃播种发芽率最高,平均发芽率达到76%。
关键词 核桃;播种方法;覆土厚度;摆放方式;播种密度;发芽率
中图分类号 S664.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2017)13-0063-02
Abstract Effects of different seeding method on seedling raising of Juglans regia were studied using different planting density,thickness of covering soil and the different placing way of Juglans regia seeds in Hunan Forest Botanical Garden.The results showed that the difference of germination rate was extremely significant using the different thickness of covering soil and different placing way of the seeds. The average germination rate of Juglans regia was 73% using planting density 10 cm×30 cm,which is the best.The average germination rate of Juglans regia was the best up to 73% placing the tip to one side.The average germination rate of Juglans regia was the best to 76% using thickness of covering soil 6 cm.
Key words Juglans regia;seeding method;thickness of covering soil;placing way;planting density;germination rate
核桃(Juglans regia)又称胡桃,为胡桃科胡桃属落叶乔木。高达20~25 m;树干较别的种类矮,树冠广阔;花期5月,果期10月。产于华北、西北、西南、华中、华南和华东。生于海拔400~1 800 m的山坡及丘陵地带,喜肥沃湿润的砂质壤土,常见于山区河谷两旁土层深厚的地方[1-5]。核桃同扁桃、腰果、榛子在国际市场上被称为“四大坚果”,并位列世界四大坚果之首[6-7],素有“木本油料之王”之称,是我国主要的经济林树种之一,具有极高的营养价值和良好的医疗保健效果[8]。
目前,有关核桃播种育苗方面的研究已有少量报道,如蒲占萍开展了不同浸种时间、播种深度、播种密度对核桃播种育苗的试验,发现采用浸种10 d,覆土厚度5 cm,播种密度10 cm×30 cm,出苗率高,缩短育苗周期。马秀艳开展了不同种子处理及覆盖措施对核桃育苗效果的影响[9],发现不同种子处理方法的出苗率大小顺序为混沙层催芽>圃地冷冻催芽>冷浸日晒催芽,实际生产中建议采取圃地冷冻催芽方式和遮阳网覆盖方式进行核桃播种育苗。……
