刁琢　李婷　尹兴

摘要 2015—2016年在大兴安岭加格达奇进行生物有机肥对马铃薯产量、品质及土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响试验。结果表明，与不施肥对照和农民习惯施肥处理相比，配施生物有机肥显著增加了马铃薯产量，2015年、2016年产量分别达到27 900、29 850 kg/hm2，分别较不施肥对照和农民习惯施肥处理提高了51.2%、136.9%和11.0%、16.4%；配施生物有机肥马铃薯VC、粗蛋白和淀粉含量最高，2年平均较不施肥对照和农民习惯施肥处理分别提高了94.4%、38.2%、12.8%和12.9%、5.0%、3.3%；生物有机肥显著增加了土壤微生物量碳、氮，与不施肥对照和农民习惯施肥处理相比，土壤微生物量碳分别提高了61.4%和29.4%，土壤微生物量氮分别增加了39.5%和20.4%。总体来看，传统施肥量减少50%并配施生物有机肥，可以显著提高马铃薯产量、品质及土壤微生物量碳、氮，有利于当地马铃薯的可持续与优质高效生产。

关键词 马铃薯；生物有机肥；产量；品质；土壤微生物量碳氮

中图分类号 S532；S147.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）13-0061-02

Abstract The experiment on effects of bio-organic fertilizer on potato production and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was conducted in the Daxinganling Jiagedaqi in 2015—2016.The results showed that the potato yield reached 27 900 kg/hm2 and 29 850 kg/hm2 with bio-orgenic fertilizer treatment，respectively in 2015 and 2016.Compared with CK and farmers habitual fertilizer treatment increased by 51.2%，136.9% and 11.0%，16.4%.Bio-organic fertilizer treatment had the highest VC，crude protein and starch content which increased by 94.4%，38.2%，12.8% and 12.9%，5.0% and 3.3% compared with CK and farmers habitual fertilizer treatment during the average of 2 years.Compared with CK and farmers habitual fertilizer treatment，bio-organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon，nitrogen，and soil microbial biomass carbon increased by 61.4% and 29.4%，respectively，and soil microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 39.5% and 20.4%，respectively.In general，bio-organic fertilizer with the traditional fertilization reduced by 50% could significantly improve the potato yield，quality and soil microbial biomass carbon，nitrogen，it advantageous to the local potato sustainable and high quality and efficient production.

Key words patato；bio-organic fertilizer；yield；quality；soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen

马铃薯是我国继水稻、小麦、玉米之后的第四大主粮作物，是新形势下保证国家粮食安全的新战略。目前，我国种植马铃薯已有400年历史，是世界上最大的马铃薯生产国，其种植面积约600万hm2，总产量达9 000万t以上，居世界第1位[1]。但是，与国外高水平马铃薯产区相比，我国马铃薯生产存在单位面积产量低、块茎品质低、肥料投入高等一系列问题[2-4]。

近年来，由于生产中过度施用化肥，不仅造成了生产成本逐年增加，还导致土壤肥力下降、农业面源污染等问题，严重影响了马铃薯产业的发展。……