付朝旭 朱钰玲 张文翠 张 牛勇 叶萌

金属矿山企业硅尘危害风险评估研究

目的采用改良的职业危害风险评估指数模型及国际采矿与金属委员会(ICMM)职业健康风险评估模型，评估金属矿山企业硅尘的职业健康风险，提出适合我国硅尘的风险管理方法。方法以某金属矿山企业为研究对象，开展职业卫生现场调查，分别利用上述2种风险评估模型评估硅尘的职业健康风险。结果职业危害风险评估指数模型评估显示接尘工人处于极度危害、高度危害、中度危害、轻度危害、无危害的岗位数分别为9、4、4、3、1。ICMM职业健康风险评估模型评估显示，该金属矿山企业处于不可容忍危险度、高度危险、可容忍危害度的岗位数分别是16、2、3。结论ICMM职业健康风险评估模型更加严格，一定程度上更能够保护接尘工人的职业健康。

风险评估；硅尘；评估模型；职业健康

Objective To assess the occupational health risk of silica dust in metal m ines by using the improved occupational hazard risk assessment index model and ICMM occupational health risk assessmentmodel.The article also put forward a risk managementmethod suitable for China's silica dust risk management.Methods A metal m ine enterprise involving silica dust exposure was selected as the research subjects，and two risk assessment models were used in the evaluation of occupational hazard risk.Results The results from the occupational hazard risk assessment index model showed that the risk of metal m ine enterprise was various and the working posts exposed to dust w ith different risk degrees such as extremely harm ful，highly hazardous，moderately harm ful，low ly hazardous and harm less were 9，4，4，3，1 respectively.According to the ICMM Occupational Health Risk Assessment Model，the number of working posts in themetalmine w ith an unacceptable，highly hazardous，tolerable hazard levelwere 16，2，3.Conclusion ICMM occupational health risk assessmentmodel ismore stringent for protecting occupational health of dust workers.【Key words】Risk assessment；Silica dust；Assessmentmodel；Occupational health

硅尘是我国最严重的职业有害因素之一，我国接触硅尘的人数、新发硅肺数、现患硅肺人数均居世界首位，硅尘所导致的硅肺是我国目前最主要的职业病。除硅肺外[1]，硅尘还可能导致肺癌[2]、慢性肾病、系统性脉管炎等疾病。美国目前有大约170万工人接触硅尘，历年的硅肺发病情况由美国职业安全卫生研究所(NIOSH)收集整理，其结果定期公布在NIOSH的网站上[3]。生产性粉尘也是德国主要职业危害因素之一。据专家估计，目前德国工业界约有15万工人从事接尘工作[4]。因此，为保护我国接尘工人的职业健康，研究适合我国的硅尘风险管理的方法非常必要。……