蒲晓庆 吴 静 闫 旭

（北京航空航天大学，北京 100191）

基于石墨烯的量子化霍尔电阻研究综述

蒲晓庆 吴 静 闫 旭

（北京航空航天大学，北京 100191）

电阻作为重要的元器件在电气电子及其他非电领域得到了广泛应用，对其阻值进行准确溯源和量值传递至关重要。相较于实物电阻计量标准，量子化霍尔电阻标准稳定性和准确性更高。目前我国国家/国防量子化霍尔电阻计量基准是基于砷化镓-铝砷化镓异质材料制成的，其对环境温度和外磁场要求高，普通计量实验室难以复现。石墨烯材料的出现为新型量子化霍尔电阻基准/标准的研制提供了可能。本文简述了石墨烯材料的制备方法及其量子化霍尔效应，介绍了石墨烯量子化霍尔效应的国外研究现状，分析了基于石墨烯材料的量子化霍尔电阻标准在研制过程中存在的问题，旨在为我国新型量子化霍尔电阻标准的研制提供参考。

石墨烯 量子化霍尔效应 电阻标准

AbstractResistors have been widely used in electrical and electronic and other non-electric fields as important components.It is crucial to assure the metrological traceability and dissemination of their resistance values.Compared with conventional physical metrological standard of resistance，quantum Hall resistance standard is of high stability and accuracy.Both the national and defensive quantum Hall resistance metrology standards in China are based on GaAs-AlGaAs.However，extremely high requirement of the outside temperature and magnetic field is needed.It is difficult for most of metrology and measurement laboratories to reproduce such conditions.The springing up of graphene materials provides the possibility for developing a new quantum Hall resistance standard.The production method of graphene material and its quantum Hall effect are briefly described.The abroad research status of graphene quantum Hall effect is introduced，and the problems in the development of the quantum Hall resistors based on graphene material are analyzed to provide the possible beneficial reference for the development of new quantum Hall resistance standard in China.

Key wordsGraphene Quantum Hall effectResistance standard

1 引言

电阻作为一类重要元器件，在国民经济、国防建设、航空航天等领域具有广泛的应用。在强电系统中，电阻具有分配电压、限制电流的作用；在弱电系统中，电阻具有光敏、热敏、湿敏、压敏、气敏等特殊的用途。目前，航空航天技术的发展对电阻器件的准确性、稳定性、可靠性、工作环境等提出了更高的要求。为了保证各种电阻器件的正常工作，必须利用电阻基准和标准对电阻的量值进行溯源或逐级传递。

20世纪上半叶以前，人们根据经典的物理学原理建立了1欧姆电阻的实物计量基准。……